Funding: Data Presentation

U.S. Government Research and Development Outlays, 1949-2003

Data in millions of dollars.
	Defense	Nondefense	Health
1949	762	178	NA
1950	772	282	NA
1951	846	279	NA
1952	1,204	291	NA
1953	1,553	295	45
1954	1,551	297	51
1955	1,550	345	69
1956	1,898	428	81
1957	2,134	577	134
1958	3,459	729	157
1959	5,364	1,020	216
1960	5,937	1,385	277
1961	6,922	1,864	330
1962	7,090	2,747	434
1963	7,144	4,221	551
1964	7,865	5,931	703
1965	7,077	6,763	590
1966	7,097	7,821	738
1967	8,068	7,894	905
1968	8,544	7,628	983
1969	8,314	7,346	1,073
1970	8,021	7,132	1,073
1971	8,108	7,301	1,123
1972	8,837	7,466	1,375
1973	9,139	7,896	1,659
1974	9,406	8,028	1,658
1975	9,715	8,821	1,889
1976	9,819	10,169	2,292
1977	10,874	10,569	1,649
1978	12,077	12,455	2,764
1979	12,129	14,196	3,240
1980	14,643	15,592	3,682
1981	16,937	17,231	4,084
1982	19,809	14,850	4,341
[Continued]

U.S. Government Research and Development Outlays, 1949-2003 [Continued]

	Defense	Nondefense	Health
1983	22,298	13,602	4,461
1984	25,765	15,221	4,560
1985	30,360	16,856	5,131
1986	35,656	16,485	5,574
1987	37,097	16,159	5,811
1988	38,032	18,068	6,872
1989	40,366	20,394	7,546
1990	41,078	22,732	8,253
1991	37,887	24,296	8,528
1992	38,170	26,558	9,656
1993	40,396	27,982	10,374
1994	38,055	28,397	10,628
1995	37,699	30,733	11,260
1996	39,428	29,011	10,498
1997	40,177	30,896	11,458
1998	40,141	32,662	12,718
1999	40,276	33,860	14,333
2000	41,050	32,897	15,878
2001	48,444	37,953	19,709
2002 est.	54,346	42,934	23,431
2003 est.	59,939	47,009	26,201
Source: Executive Office of the President of the United States. Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 2003. Historical Tables. "Table 9.8—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949-2003." Retrieved August 8, 2002 from http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2003/. Note: NA stands for data not available.

U.S. Government Health R&D Outlays as a Percentage of Total Nondefense Outlays, 1953-2003

Health Outlays as a % of Nondefense Outlays
1953	15.3
1954	17.2
1955	20.0
1956	18.9
1957	23.2
1958	21.5
1959	21.2
1960	20.0
1961	17.7
[Continued]

U.S. Government Health R&D Outlays as a Percentage of Total Nondefense Outlays, 1953-2003 [Continued]

	Health Outlays as a % of Nondefense Outlays
1992		36.4
1993		37.1
1994		37.4
1995	36.6
1996	36.2
1997	37.1
1998	38.9
1999	42.3
2000	48.3
2001	51.9
[Continued]

U.S. Government Health R&D Outlays as a Percentage of Total Nondefense Outlays, 1953-2003 [Continued]

	Health Outlays as a % of Nondefense Outlays
2002 est.	54.6
2003 est.	55.7
Source: Executive Office of the President of the United States. Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 2003. Historical Tables. "Table 9.8—Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949-2003." Retrieved August 8, 2002 from http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2003/.

Top 5 Institutions Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 1953-2003

Data in thousands of dollars.
	NCI	NIAID	NHLBI	NIGMS	NIDDK
1953	17,887	5,534	12,000	NA	4,335
1954	20,237	5,738	15,168	NA	7,000
1955	21,737	6,180	16,668	NA	8,270
1956	24,978	7,775	18,898	NA	10,840
1957	48,432	13,299	33,396	NA	15,885
1958	56,402	17,400	35,936	NA	20,385
1959	75,268	24,071	45,613	NA	31,215
1960	91,257	34,054	62,237	NA	46,862
1961	111,000	44,000	86,900	NA	61,200
1962	142,836	56,091	132,912	NA	81,831
1963	155,742	66,142	147,398	NA	103,388
1964	144,340	68,723	132,404	104,460	113,679
1965	150,011	69,847	124,824	113,718	113,051
1966	163,768	77,987	141,462	127,188	123,203
1967	175,656	90,670	164,770	145,113	135,687
1968	183,356	94,422	167,954	160,284	143,954
1969	185,150	96,841	166,928	163,514	143,888
1970	181,454	97,342	160,634	148,294	131,761
1971	233,160	102,368	194,925	160,194	137,986
1972	378,794	109,117	232,627	173,474	153,337
1973	492,205	113,414	300,000	183,171	167,316
1974	527,486	111,089	289,550	168,329	153,561
1975	691,666	119,452	324,630	187,400	173,514
1976	761,727	126,852	370,013	187,312	179,516
1977	815,000	141,000	396,661	205,000	219,600
1978	872,388	162,341	447,909	230,796	260,253
1979	937,129	191,328	510,526	277,628	302,767
1980	999,869	215,364	527,488	312,768	341,206

[Continued]

Top 5 Institutions Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 1953-2003 [Continued]

	NCI	NIAID	NHLBI	NIGMS	NIDDK
1981	989,355	232,077	549,693	333,764	368,191
1982	986,617	235,895	559,637	339,862	368,188
1983	987,642	279,129	624,259	369,813	413,492
1984	1,081,581	319,596	704,939	415,937	464,026
1985	1,183,806	370,965	805,269	482,260	543,576
1986	1,203,369	366,964	822,292	492,630	544,858
1987	1,402,837	545,523	930,001	570,916	511,124
1988	1,469,327	638,800	965,536	632,676	534,733
1989	1,570,349	740,257	1,045,509	682,213	559,494
1990	1,634,332	832,977	1,072,354	681,782	581,477
1991	1,714,784	906,251	1,126,942	760,010	615,272
1992	1,962,587	959,082	1,188,593	816,844	658,925
1993	1,981,351	979,471	1,214,793	832,581	681,342
1994	2,082,267	1,065,583	1,277,880	875,511	716,054
1995	1,913,819	535,199	1,257,374	876,778	726,949
1996	2,254,940	1,168,483	1,354,946	946,896	770,582
1997	2,381,149	1,256,659	1,432,529	998,387	815,607
1998	2,547,314	1,351,655	1,531,061	1,035,947	873,860
1999	2,927,187	1,570,102	1,793,697	1,197,825	994,218
2000	3,314,554	1,778,038	2,029,424	1,354,420	1,141,476
2001	3,754,456	2,041,698	2,298,512	1,535,378	1,302,684
2002	4,209,700	2,542,400	2,581,600	1,726,500	1,470,800
2003 est.	4,724,500	3,999,400	2,798,200	1,881,400	1,609,300
Source: National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH Almanac. Publication No. 01-5, December 2001. Retrieved August 8, 2002 from http://www.nih.gov/about/almanac/. 2002 and 2003 estimated appropriations data: John Dimitri Moteff. Resources, Science, and Industry Division. Congressional Research Service. "Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2003," June 7, 2002. Retrieved August 5, 2002 from http://www.cnie.org/nle/crsreports/legislative/leg-44.pdf. Note: NA stands for data not available.

Historical Data for the Top 7 Causes of Death in 1999

	Diseases of the Heart	Cancer (Malignant Neoplasms)	Stroke (Cerebrovascular Diseases)	Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases	Accidents	Diabetes Mellitus	Influenza and Pneumonia
1900	27,427	12,769	21,353	NA	14,429	2,187	40,362
1905	35,252	15,983	23,062	NA	17,701	3,066	36,855
1910	75,429	36,193	45,461	NA	39,971	7,252	73,983
1915	101,429	49,935	58,460	NA	45,504	10,914	90,330
1920	137,374	71,756	80,019	NA	60,225	13,898	178,438
1925	188,554	93,905	91,290	NA	78,230	17,112	124,122
1930	251,153	114,186	104,345	NA	93,505	22,345	120,171
1935	312,333	137,649	109,058	NA	99,064	28,364	132,625
1940	385,191	158,335	119,753	NA	96,885	35,015	92,525
1945	424,328	177,464	129,144	NA	95,918	35,160	68,386

[Continued]

Historical Data for the Top 7 Causes of Death in 1999 [Continued]

	Diseases of the Heart	Cancer (Malignant Neoplasms)	Stroke (Cerebrovascular Diseases)	Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases	Accidents	Diabetes Mellitus	Influenza and Pneumonia
1950	537,629	210,733	156,751	NA	91,249	NA	NA
1955	585,751	240,681	174,142	NA	93,443	NA	NA
1960	661,712	267,627	193,588	NA	93,806	NA	NA
1965	712,087	297,588	201,057	NA	108,004	NA	NA
1970	735,542	330,730	207,166	NA	114,638	NA	NA
1975	716,215	365,693	194,038	NA	103,030	NA	NA
1980	761,085	416,509	170,225	56,050	105,718	34,851	54,619
1985	771,169	461,563	153,050	74,662	93,457	36,969	67,615
1990	720,058	505,322	144,088	86,679	91,983	47,664	79,513
1995	737,563	538,455	157,991	102,899	93,320	59,254	82,923
1999	725,192	549,838	167,366	124,181	97,860	68,399	63,730
2000 prelim.	709,984	551,833	166,028	123,550	93,592	68,662	67,024
Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Historical Data Table HIST290A. Retrieved August 9, 2002 from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statab/. National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 49, No. 11, October 12, 2001. Retrieved August 9, 2002 from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr49/nvsr49_11.pdf. Note: NA stands for not available.

Life Expectancy, 1900-2000

Data for 1900-1925 are for death registration states only. Before 1970, black includes total non-white population.
	Total	White	Black
1900	47.3	47.6	33.0
1905	48.7	49.1	31.3
1910	50.0	50.3	35.6
1915	54.5	55.1	38.9
1920	54.1	54.9	45.3
1925	59.0	60.7	45.7
1930	59.7	61.4	48.1
1935	61.7	62.9	53.1
1940	62.9	64.2	53.1
1945	65.9	66.8	57.7
1950	68.2	69.1	60.8
1955	69.6	70.5	63.7
1960	69.7	70.6	63.6
1965	70.2	71.1	64.3
1970	70.8	71.7	64.1
1975	72.6	73.4	66.8
1980	73.7	74.4	68.1
1985	74.7	75.3	69.3
1990	75.4	76.1	69.1

[Continued]

Life Expectancy, 1900-2000 [Continued]

	Total	White	Black
1995	75.8	76.5	69.6
2000 prelim.	76.9	77.4	71.8
Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control. National Vital Statistics Report, October 9, 2001 and March 21, 2002. Retrieved August 12, 2002 from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs.

Physical Activity and Obesity Trends, 1990-2001 and Healthy People 2010 Targets

Data in percent.
	Adults 18 Years Old and Over
	Regular Leisure-time Physical Activity	Healthy Weight	Obese
1990	NA	55.3	11.6
1991	NA	53.8	12.6
1992	NA	52.8	12.6
1993	NA	51.0	13.7
1994	NA	50.2	14.4
1995	NA	48.7	15.8
1996	NA	47.8	16.8
1997	32.1	47.1	16.6
1998	29.9	45.4	18.3
1999	30.4	43.5	19.7
2000	32.0	43.2	20.1
2001	32.1	NA	NA
2010 goal	50.0	60.0	15.0
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance— United States 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2001." MMWR, various dates. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. "Data table for figure 7.1 Percent of adults aged 18 years and over who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity: United States 1997-2001." Retrieved August 27, 2002 from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/major/nhis/released200207/figures07_1-7_3.htm. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nationwide Trend Data. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Retrieved August 27, 2002 from http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/Trends/trendchart.asp. Note: NA stands for data not available.

Percentage of the U.S. Population Reporting Binge Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month, 12 Years Old and Over, 1979-2000

Illicit drug use numbers for 1999 and 2000 are for those 18 years old and over.
	Binge Alcohol Use	Illicit Drug Use
1979	NA	14.1
1985	20.2	12.1
1991	15.5	6.6
1992	14.5	5.8
1993	14.6	5.9
1994	16.5	6.0
1995	15.8	6.1
1996	15.5	6.1
1997	15.3	6.4
1998	15.6	6.2
1999	20.2	5.8
2000	20.6	5.9
Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1998-2000, various publication dates. Retrieved August 28, 2002 from http://www.samhsa.gov/. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health, 2nd ed., November 2000. Note: NA stands for data not available.

Enrollment and Tuition Costs in Medical School, 1987-2000

	Degrees Conferred	Enrollment	Actual Dollars		Constant 2000 Dollars
Undergraduate Tuition & Fees Per Year			Medical School Tuition & Fees Per Year	Undergraduate Tuition & Fees Per Year	Medical School Tuition & Fees Per Year
1987-1988			15,358	NA	3,201	9,034	4,677	13,200
1988-1989			15,460	NA	3,472	9,439	4,873	13,248
1989-1990			15,075	NA	3,800	10,597	5,089	14,193
1990-1991			15,043	NA	4,009	10,571	5,094	13,432
1991-1992			15,243	NA	4,385	11,646	5,347	14,202
1992-1993			15,531	65,575	4,752	12,265	5,626	14,521
1993-1994	15,368	66,175	5,119	13,074	5,884	15,028
1994-1995	15,537	66,788	5,391	13,834	6,040	15,499
1995-1996	15,341	66,942	5,786	14,860	6,324	16,242
1996-1997	15,571	66,926	6,118	15,481	6,492	16,428
1997-1998	15,424	66,896	6,351	16,075	6,627	16,773
1998-1999	15,562	66,539	6,723	17,011	6,905	17,470
1999-2000	15,286	66,377	7,044	17,627	7,044	17,627
Source: National Center for Education Statistics. U.S. Department of Education. Digest of Education Statistics, 2001. Association of American Medical Colleges. "Total Enrollment by Gender and Race/Ethnicity, 1992-2001." Retrieved August 12, 2002 from http://www.aamc.org/data/facts/famg82001.htm. "The Inflation Calculator." Retrieved August 13, 2002 from http://www.westegg.com/inflation. Notes: NA stands for data not available.

Top 5 States for Yearly Medical Liability Insurance Premiums, 2001

Data in U.S. dollars.
	Highest Premium	Lowest Premium
Internists
Florida (Dade/Broward Co.)	50,774	26,896
Michigan (Detroit area)	40,233	18,376
Illinois (Chicago/Cook Co.)	28,153	15,539
Texas (Dallas, Houston, Galveston)	25,563	14,552
New York (NY, Nassau, Suffolk Cos.)	21,648	16,751
General surgeons
Florida (Dade/Broward Co.)	159,166	63,189
Texas (Dallas, Houston, Galveston)	133,957	34,306
Michigan (Detroit area)	94,195	66,611
Illinois (Chicago/Cook Co.)	70,178	50,021
Ohio (Cleveland)	60,021	33,397
Obstetricians/Gynecologists
Florida (Dade/Broward Co.)	202,949	143,249
Texas (Dallas, Houston, Galveston)	160,746	69,918
Michigan (Detroit area)	123,890	87,444
New York (NY, Nassau, Suffolk Cos.)	115,429	89,317
Illinois (Chicago/Cook Co.)	110,091	88,926
Source: "Medical liability rates continue their upward swing." Medical Liability Monitor, October 1, 2001.