Reproduction: Data Presentation

Live Births, Birth Rates and Fertility Rates Over the 20th Century

Birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 population. The fertitlity rate is the number of births per 1,000 women of childbearing age, 15 to 44 years.
Year	Number of Live Births	Birth Rate	Fertility Rate
1909	2,718,000	30.0	126.8
1910	2,777,000	30.1	126.8
1915	2,965,000	29.5	125.0
1920	2,950,000	27.7	117.9
1925	2,909,000	25.1	106.6
1930	2,618,000	21.3	89.2
1935	2,377,000	18.7	77.2
1940	2,559,000	19.4	79.9
1945	2,858,000	20.4	85.9
1950	3,632,000	24.1	106.2
1955	4,097,000	25.0	118.3
1960	4,257,850	23.7	118.0
1965	3,760,358	19.4	96.3
1970	3,731,386	18.4	87.9
1975	3,144,198	14.6	66.0
1980	3,612,258	15.9	68.4
1985	3,760,561	15.8	66.3
1990	4,158,212	16.7	70.9
1995	3,899,589	14.8	65.6
2000	4,064,948	14.8	67.6
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 49, No. 1, April 17, 2001, p. 25.

Fertility Rates and Infant Mortality Rates, 1940-2000

The total fertility rate is the number of children born to 1,000 women during the childbearing years, age 15-44. The infant mortality rate is the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births.
	Total Fertility Rate	Infant Mortality Rate
1940	2,301.3	47.0
1941	2,399.1	45.3
1942	2,628.2	40.4
1943	2,718.3	40.4
1944	2,567.6	39.8
1945	2,491.2	38.3
1946	2,942.7	33.8
1947	3,273.5	32.2
1948	3,108.6	32.0
1949	3,110.1	31.2
1950	3,090.5	29.2
1951	3,269.3	28.4
1952	3,358.4	28.4
1953	3,424.1	27.8
1954	3,542.6	26.6
1955	3,578.5	26.4
1956	3,689.0	26.0
1957	3,767.0	26.3
1958	3,700.5	27.1
1959	3,712.4	26.4
1960	3,653.6	26.0
1961	3,620.3	25.3
1962	3,461.3	25.3
1963	3,318.8	25.2
1964	3,190.5	24.8
1965	2,912.6	24.7
1966	2,721.4	23.7
1967	2,557.7	22.4
1968	2,464.2	21.8
1969	2,455.5	20.9
1970	2,480.0	20.0
1971	2,266.5	NA
1972	2,010.0	NA
1973	1,879.0	NA
1974	1,835.0	NA
1975	1,774.0	16.1
1976	1,738.0	NA
1977	1,789.5	NA
1978	1,760.0	13.8
1979	1,808.0	13.1
1980	1,839.5	12.6
1981	1,812.0	11.9
[Continued]

Fertility Rates and Infant Mortality Rates, 1940-2000 [Continued]

	Total Fertility Rate	Infant Mortality Rate
1982	1,827.5	11.5
1983	1,799.0	11.2
1984	1,806.5	10.8
1985	1,844.0	10.6
1986	1,837.5	10.4
1987	1,872.0	10.1
1988	1,934.0	10.0
1989	2,014.0	9.8
1990	2,081.0	9.2
1991	2,073.0	8.9
1992	2,065.0	8.5
1993	2,046.0	8.4
1994	2,036.0	8.0
1995	2,019.0	7.6
1996	2,027.0	7.3
1997	2,032.5	7.2
1998	2,058.5	7.2
1999	2,075.0	7.1
2000	2,133.5	6.9
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Vital Statistics of the United States, 1998, Volume I, Natality, updated from later issues of National Vital Statistics Reports and Monthly Vital Statistics Reports also published by NCHS.

Fertiltiy Rate and Percentage of Females in the Workplace, Selective Years, 1940-2000

The total fertility rate is the number of children born to 1,000 women during their childbearing years, age 15-44.
Total Fertility Rate	Percent of Women in the Workforce
		Total	Mothers with Young Children
1940	2,301.3	27.0	8.0
1950	3,090.5	33.3	12.0
1960	3,653.6	37.6	20.0
1970	2,480.0	43.3	NA
1975	1,774.0	NA	33.0
1980	1,839.5	51.3	42.0
1990	2,081.0	58.0	54.0
1993	2,046.0	NA	53.0
[Continued]

Fertiltiy Rate and Percentage of Females in the Workplace, Selective Years, 1940-2000 [Continued]

Total Fertility Rate	Percent of Women in the Workforce
	Total	Mothers with Young Children
1997	2,032.5	NA	65.0
2000	2,133.5	60.9	NA
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NAtioNAl Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Vital Statistics of the United States, 1998, Volume I, and updated from later issues of NAtioNAl Vital Statistics Reports and Monthly Vital Statistics Reports also published by NCHS. Work- place participation data are from the U.S. Department of Labor, "Boom in day care industry the result of many social changes," Monthly Labor Review, August 1995, page 7 and "Marital and Family Characteristics of the Labor Force," Current Population Survey, March 1997. Data were also used from a table published by Columbia University on their web site, "Mothers of Young Children in the Paid Workforce," available online at http://www.columbia.edu/itc/History/brinkley/3651/web-resource/stats_mothers_workforce.htm.

Female Participation in the Civilian Laborforce, by Age, 2000

Age	Percent Participating
16 to 19 years	51.3
20 to 24 years	73.3
25 to 34 years	76.3
35 to 44 years	77.3
45 to 55 years	76.8
55 to 65 years	51.8
65 years and over	9.4
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "Civilian Labor Force and Participation Rates with Projections: 1980 to 2008," Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, page 367.

Live Births by Age of Mother, 1933-2000

Only registered births are listed. No adjustments have been made for the underregistration of births.
Total Number of Births	Percentage of Births by Age Group of Mother at Time of Birth
	15 Years or Under	15-19 Years	20-24 Years	25-29 Years	30-34 Years	35-39 Years	40-44 Years	45 Years and Over
1933	2,081,232	0.13	12.07	29.81	25.93	16.98	10.49	3.66	0.36
1934	2,167,636	0.13	12.28	30.29	26.06	17.02	9.94	3.52	0.34
1935	2,155,105	0.15	12.54	30.64	26.19	16.59	9.94	3.38	0.33
1936	2,144,790	0.14	12.55	31.10	26.38	16.50	9.61	3.19	0.32
1937	2,203,337	0.14	12.94	31.42	26.49	16.44	9.14	2.96	0.30
1938	2,286,962	0.14	13.04	31.50	26.72	16.50	8.86	2.81	0.28
1939	2,265,588	0.15	13.04	31.08	27.04	16.80	8.82	2.64	0.27

[Continued]

Live Births by Age of Mother, 1933-2000 [Continued]

Total Number of Births	Percentage of Births by Age Group of Mother at Time of Birth
	15 Years or Under	15-19 Years	20-24 Years	25-29 Years	30-34 Years	35-39 Years	40-44 Years	45 Years and Over
1940	2,360,399	0.14	12.74	31.28	27.36	16.96	8.52	2.58	0.24
1941	2,513,427	0.14	12.60	32.01	27.55	16.71	8.23	2.40	0.21
1942	2,808,996	0.13	12.15	33.02	27.86	16.46	7.87	2.17	0.18
1943	2,934,860	0.13	11.71	31.69	28.02	17.39	8.48	2.26	0.17
1944	2,794,800	0.13	10.77	31.02	27.52	18.32	9.43	2.51	0.18
1945	2,735,456	0.13	10.27	29.13	27.61	19.46	10.26	2.69	0.21
1946	3,288,672	0.11	9.80	31.97	28.48	17.91	9.01	2.28	0.17
1947	3,699,940	0.12	11.51	32.88	28.12	16.66	8.25	2.09	0.15
1948	3,535,068	0.14	12.22	32.81	27.75	16.42	8.19	2.11	0.15
1949	3,559,529	0.14	12.17	32.44	28.30	16.33	8.18	2.09	0.15
1950	3,554,149	0.14	11.80	31.83	28.75	16.82	8.26	2.10	0.14
1951	3,750,850	0.14	11.83	31.97	28.59	16.99	8.13	2.09	0.13
1952	3,846,986	0.13	11.39	31.51	28.70	17.66	8.27	2.09	0.13
1953	3,902,120	0.14	11.68	31.28	28.47	17.71	8.36	2.13	0.13
1954	4,017,362	0.15	11.90	31.29	27.93	17.94	8.39	2.16	0.13
1955	4,047,295	0.15	11.96	31.48	27.65	17.85	8.53	2.16	0.13
1956	4,163,090	0.15	12.50	31.84	27.18	17.44	8.53	2.16	0.12
1957	4,254,784	0.16	12.93	32.00	26.81	17.18	8.59	2.13	0.12
1958	4,203,812	0.16	13.18	32.54	26.38	16.93	8.53	2.11	0.12
1959	4,244,796	0.16	13.45	33.13	25.91	16.51	8.55	2.11	0.12
1960	4,257,850	0.16	13.79	33.51	25.67	16.15	8.45	2.15	0.12
1961	4,268,326	0.17	14.10	33.86	25.34	15.87	8.33	2.20	0.12
1962	4,167,362	0.18	14.40	34.67	25.08	15.32	8.03	2.20	0.12
1963	4,098,020	0.19	14.31	35.47	24.99	14.89	7.86	2.17	0.12
1964	4,027,490	0.19	14.54	35.74	25.01	14.53	7.69	2.18	0.12
1965	3,760,358	0.21	15.71	35.56	24.62	14.08	7.52	2.17	0.12
1966	3,606,274	0.23	17.23	35.99	24.20	13.16	7.00	2.06	0.12
1967	3,520,959	0.24	16.94	37.22	24.64	12.48	6.46	1.90	0.12
1968	3,501,564	0.27	16.89	37.32	25.81	11.99	5.88	1.73	0.11
1969	3,600,206	0.29	16.79	37.68	26.59	11.77	5.27	1.51	0.09
1970	3,731,386	0.31	17.28	38.03	26.66	11.47	4.83	1.34	0.08
1971	3,555,970	0.33	17.66	38.10	26.63	11.43	4.57	1.21	0.07
1972	3,258,411	0.37	18.91	36.04	27.63	11.51	4.34	1.13	0.07
1973	3,136,965	0.41	19.26	35.10	28.32	11.79	4.04	1.02	0.06
1974	3,159,958	0.40	18.84	35.07	29.22	11.80	3.74	0.88	0.05
1975	3,144,198	0.40	18.52	34.78	29.79	11.94	3.67	0.84	0.05
1976	3,167,788	0.38	17.64	34.46	30.69	12.37	3.65	0.77	0.05
1977	3,326,632	0.34	16.81	34.46	30.55	13.44	3.63	0.72	0.04
1978	3,333,279	0.32	16.30	34.19	30.46	14.23	3.79	0.68	0.04
1979	3,494,398	0.31	15.72	34.02	30.60	14.80	3.87	0.66	0.03
1980	3,612,258	0.28	15.29	33.95	30.68	15.24	3.90	0.64	0.03
1981	3,629,238	0.27	14.53	33.40	31.09	16.02	4.02	0.64	0.03
1982	3,680,537	0.27	13.96	32.77	31.30	16.45	4.56	0.67	0.03
1983	3,638,933	0.27	13.45	31.89	31.54	17.16	4.96	0.71	0.03
[Continued]

Live Births by Age of Mother, 1933-2000 [Continued]

Total Number of Births	Percentage of Births by Age Group of Mother at Time of Birth
15 Years or Under	15-19 Years	20-24 Years	25-29 Years	30-34 Years	35-39 Years	40-44 Years	45 Years and Over
1984	3,669,141	0.27	12.80	31.11	31.77	17.95	5.34	0.73	0.03
1985	3,760,561	0.27	12.43	30.35	31.95	18.52	5.70	0.75	0.03
1986	3,756,547	0.27	12.30	29.34	31.93	19.20	6.13	0.79	0.03
1987	3,809,394	0.27	12.14	28.24	31.92	19.97	6.51	0.91	0.04
1988	3,909,510	0.27	12.24	27.30	31.70	20.55	6.89	1.01	0.04
1989	4,040,958	0.28	12.53	26.67	31.26	20.85	7.27	1.10	0.04
1990	4,158,212	0.28	12.55	26.30	30.71	21.31	7.64	1.17	0.04
1991	4,110,907	0.29	12.64	26.51	29.68	21.52	8.05	1.27	0.04
1992	4,065,014	0.30	12.43	26.33	29.01	22.02	8.48	1.37	0.05
1993	4,000,240	0.31	12.53	25.95	28.22	22.53	8.93	1.48	0.06
1994	3,952,767	0.33	12.79	25.33	27.55	22.93	9.40	1.61	0.06
1995	3,899,589	0.31	12.82	24.76	27.27	23.20	9.84	1.72	0.07
1996	3,891,494	0.29	12.63	24.29	27.53	23.07	10.27	1.85	0.08
1997	3,880,894	0.26	12.45	24.27	27.56	22.85	10.56	1.96	0.09
1998	3,941,553	0.24	12.30	24.49	27.48	22.56	10.78	2.06	0.10
1999	3,959,417	0.23	12.02	24.80	27.23	22.54	10.97	2.10	0.11
2000	4,058,814	0.21	11.55	25.08	26.79	22.90	11.14	2.22	0.11
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics, "Live Births by Age of Mother and Race: United States, 1933-98." For the years 1999 and 2000, "Births: Final Data for 2000," issued on February 12, 2002.

Multiple Births by Race and Age Group of Mother, 2000

Race and Number of Babies per Delivery	All Births by Category	Age Group of Mother
		Under 15	15-19	20-24	25-29	30-34	35-39	40-44	45-54
Total, All Races	4,058,814	8,519	468,990	1,017,806	1,087,547	929,278	452,057	90,013	4,604
White, total	3,194,005	4,439	333,013	772,811	874,180	764,708	368,711	72,414	3,729
White, non-Hispanic	2,362,968	1,840	204,056	523,971	651,445	617,371	302,576	58,631	3,078
Black, total	622,598	3,808	118,954	202,596	141,968	94,808	49,295	10,699	470
Black, non-Hispanic	604,346	3,736	116,019	197,190	137,545	91,477	47,577	10,347	455
Hispanic	815,868	2,638	129,469	247,552	218,167	141,493	62,993	12,987	569
Singleton Deliveries
All Races	3,932,573	8,401	461,430	994,973	1,055,143	892,549	430,743	85,568	3,766
White, total	3,094,219	4,383	328,163	757,193	848,539	733,674	350,728	68,552	2,987
White, non-Hispanic	2,281,129	1,824	200,935	512,693	630,695	590,506	286,845	55,230	2,401
Black, total	601,451	3,750	116,434	196,054	136,595	90,808	47,035	10,345	430
Black, non-Hispanic	583,667	3,680	113,530	190,773	132,299	87,577	45,391	10,001	416
Hispanic	798,739	2,596	127,765	243,274	213,457	137,593	60,922	12,607	525
Twin Deliveries
All Races	118,916	115	7,452	22,383	30,628	33,873	19,648	4,071	746
White, total	93,235	56	4,765	15,289	24,046	28,407	16,486	3,522	664
White, non-Hispanic	76,018	16	3,071	11,023	19,339	24,486	14,365	3,103	615
Black, total	20,626	55	2,500	6,444	5,250	3,841	2,165	340	31
Black, non-Hispanic	20,173	53	2,469	6,319	5,123	3,744	2,103	332	30
Hispanic	16,470	42	1,669	4,204	4,545	3,682	1,953	341	34
High Order Deliveries
All Races	7,325	3	108	450	1,776	2,856	1,666	374	92
White, total	6,551	-	85	329	1,595	2,627	1,497	340	78

[Continued]

Multiple Births by Race and Age Group of Mother, 2000 [Continued]

Race and Number of Babies per Delivery	All Births by Category	Age Group of Mother
		Under 15	15-19	20-24	25-29	30-34	35-39	40-44	45-54
White, non-Hispanic	5,821	-	50	255	1,411	2,379	1,366	298	62
Black, total	521	3	20	98	123	159	95	14	9
Black, non-Hispanic	506	3	20	98	123	156	83	14	9
Hispanic	659	-	35	74	165	218	118	39	10
Source: Center for Disease Control, National Vital Statistics Report, "Births: Final Data for 2000," p. 87.

Rate of High Order Multiple Births by Age of Mother, 1980 and 2000

High order multiples include triples, quadruplets and higher number multiple deliveries. The rates listed here are the number of high order multiples per 100,000 live births.
Mother's Age Group	1980	2000
Under 20	14.8	23.0
20-24	31.4	44.2
25-29	42.8	163.3
30-34	58.3	307.3
35-39	47.6	368.5
40-44	NA	415.5
45-54	NA	1,998.3
Average	37.0	180.5
Source: Center for Disease Control, National Vital Statistics Report, "Births: Final Data for 2000," page 87 and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, "Contribution of Assisted Reproductive Technology and Ovulation-Inducing Drugs to Triplet and Higher-Order Multiple Births: United States, 1980-1997."

Child Deliveries by Method, Number and Percent, 1989-2001

Rates are number per 100 live births.
Years	All Births	Births by Method of Delivery						Cesarean Delivery Rate		Rate of Vaginal Birth After Prev.C-Section
Vaginal		Cesarean			Not Stated
Total	After Prev.C-Section
Total	Primary	Repeat	Total	Primary
1989	3,798,734	2,793,463	71,019	826,955	521,873	305,082	178,316	22.8	16.1	18.9
1990	4,110,563	3,111,421	84,299	914,096	575,066	339,030	85,046	22.7	16.0	19.9
1991	4,110,907	3,100,891	90,690	905,077	569,195	335,882	104,939	22.6	15.9	21.3
1992	4,065,014	3,100,710	97,549	888,622	554,662	333,960	75,682	22.3	15.6	22.6
1993	4,000,240	3,098,796	103,581	861,987	539,251	322,736	39,457	21.8	15.3	24.3
1994	3,952,767	3,087,576	110,341	830,517	520,647	309,870	34,674	21.2	14.9	26.3
1995	3,899,589	3,063,724	112,439	806,722	510,104	296,618	29,143	20.8	14.7	27.5
1996	3,891,494	3,061,092	116,045	797,119	503,724	293,395	33,283	20.7	14.6	28.3
1997	3,880,894	3,046,621	112,145	799,033	502,526	296,507	35,240	20.8	14.6	27.4
1998	3,941,553	3,078,537	108,903	825,870	519,975	305,895	37,146	21.2	14.9	26.3
1999	3,959,417	3,063,870	97,680	862,086	542,080	320,006	33,461	22.0	15.5	23.4

[Continued]

Child Deliveries by Method, Number and Percent, 1989-2001 [Continued]

Years	All Births	Births by Method of Delivery						Cesarean Delivery Rate		Rate of Vaginal Birth After Prev.C-Section
Vaginal		Cesarean			Not Stated
Total	After Prev.C-Section
Total	Primary	Repeat	Total	Primary
2000	4,058,814	3,108,188	89,978	923,991	577,638	346,353	26,635	22.9	16.1	20.6
2001	4,040,121	3,054,331	NA	985,790	NA	NA	NA	24.4	16.9	16.5
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics Report, "Births: Final Data for 2000," p. 72 and "Births: Preliminary Data for 2001," p. 3.

Child Deliveries by Method and Age Group of Mother, 2000

Rates are number per 100 live births.
Mother's Age Group	All Births	Births by Method of Delivery						Cesarean Delivery Rate		Rate of Vaginal Birth After Prev.C-Section
		Vaginal		Cesarean			Not Stated
		Total	After Prev.C-Section
		Total	Primary	Repeat	Total	Primary
Total	4,058,814	3,108,188	89,978	923,991	577,638	346,353	26,635	22.9	16.1	20.6
20 years	477,509	400,130	2,678	74,587	66,048	8,539	2,792	15.7	14.2	23.9
20-24 years	1,017,806	821,844	17,300	189,595	130,169	59,426	6,367	18.7	13.9	22.5
25-29 years	1,087,547	836,437	25,199	243,911	151,334	92,577	7,199	22.6	15.7	21.4
30-34 years	929,278	680,240	27,102	242,681	136,977	105,704	6,357	26.3	17.3	20.4
35-39 years	452,057	309,497	14,819	139,355	73,647	65,708	3,205	31.0	20.0	18.4
40-54 years	94,617	60,040	2,880	33,862	19,463	14,399	715	36.1	25.4	16.7
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics Report "Births: Final Data for 2000," p. 72.

Contraceptive Use by Women 15 to 44 Years of Age: 1982 and 1995

All figures are percentages.
Contraceptive Status and Method	1982	1995	% Change 1982 to 1995
Sterile	27.2	29.7	9.2
Nonsurgical contraceptives	36.7	39.7	8.2
Pill	15.6	17.3	10.9
Intrauterine device (IUD)	4.0	0.5	-87.5
Diaphram	4.5	1.2	-73.3
Condom	6.7	13.1	95.5
Periodic Abstinence	2.2	1.5	-31.8
Other nonsurgical method	3.8	5.9	55.3
Pregnant, postpartum	5.0	4.6	-9.2
Seeking pregnancy	4.2	4.0	-4.8
Other nonusers	26.9	22.3	-17.1
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1990, "Contraceptive Use by Women, 15-44 Years Old, by Age, Race, Marital Status, and Method of Contraception: 1982," p. 70, and Statistical Abstract of the United States 2001, "Contraceptive Use by Women, 15-44 Years of Age: 1995," p. 69.

Birth and Abortion Rates by Race: 1972-1997

Year	Rate per 1,000 Women Aged 15 to 44 Years
Births All Races	Abortions
	All Races	Whites	Non-Whites
1972	73.4	12.5	NA	NA
1973	69.2	16.5	NA	NA
1974	68.4	19.0	NA	NA
1975	66.0	21.7	17.2	49.3
1976	65.0	23.5	18.9	51.0
1977	66.8	25.3	20.6	52.8
1978	65.5	27.0	22.3	54.5
1979	63.4	28.8	24.0	56.2
1980	65.6	29.3	24.3	56.5
1981	64.8	29.3	24.3	55.9
1982	64.8	28.8	23.8	55.5
1983	63.4	28.5	23.3	55.5
1984	63.2	28.1	23.1	54.3
1985	64.1	28.0	22.6	55.5
1986	63.1	27.4	21.8	55.9
1987	63.3	27.1	21.1	56.0
1988	64.5	27.3	21.2	57.3
1989	66.4	26.8	20.9	54.7
1990	68.3	27.4	21.5	54.4
1991	67.0	26.3	20.3	53.8
1992	66.5	25.9	19.6	53.9
1993	65.4	25.4	18.9	53.5
1994	64.9	24.1	17.9	51.1
1995	64.4	22.9	17.0	48.1
1996	64.3	22.9	16.6	49.2
1997	63.9	22.2	16.1	47.8
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2001, Table 92, p. 71. Date are originally from the Centers of Disease Control. Abortions in 1983 and 1986 are extrapolations.

Low Birth Weight Babies by Race: 1980-2000

All figures are percentages.
Years	Low birth weight (<2,500 grams)			Very low birth weight (<1,500 grams)
Total	Black	White	Total	Black	White
1980	6.80	12.70	5.70	1.15	2.48	0.90
1981	6.80	12.70	5.70	1.16	2.52	0.91
1982	6.80	12.60	5.60	1.18	2.56	0.91
1983	6.80	12.80	5.70	1.19	2.60	0.92
1984	6.70	12.60	5.60	1.19	2.60	0.93
1985	6.80	12.60	5.70	1.21	2.71	0.93
1986	6.80	12.80	5.70	1.21	2.73	0.93
1987	6.90	13.00	5.70	1.24	2.79	0.94

[Continued]

Low Birth Weight Babies by Race: 1980-2000 [Continued]

Years	Low birth weight (<2,500 grams)			Very low birth weight (<1,500 grams)
Total	Black	White	Total	Black	White
1988	6.90	13.30	5.70	1.24	2.86	0.93
1989	7.00	13.50	5.70	1.28	2.95	0.95
1990	7.00	13.50	5.70	1.27	2.92	0.95
1991	7.10	13.60	5.80	1.29	2.96	0.96
1992	7.10	13.30	5.80	1.29	2.96	0.96
1993	7.20	13.30	6.00	1.33	2.96	1.01
1994	7.30	13.20	6.10	1.33	2.96	1.02
1995	7.30	13.10	6.20	1.35	2.97	1.06
1996	7.40	13.00	6.30	1.37	2.99	1.09
1997	7.50	13.00	6.50	1.42	3.04	1.13
1998	7.60	13.00	6.50	1.45	3.08	1.15
1999	7.60	13.10	6.60	1.45	3.14	1.15
2000	7.60	13.00	6.50	1.43	3.07	1.14
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Births: Final Data for 2000," National Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 50, No. 5, February 12, 2002.

Infant Mortality Rates by Race, 1950-2000 Selected Years

The rate is the number of infants who die before they reach one year of age per 1,000 live births.
Years	Infant Mortality Rates
Total	Black	White
1950	29.2	43.9	26.8
1960	26.0	44.3	22.9
1970	20.0	32.6	17.8
1975	16.1	26.2	14.2
1980	12.6	22.2	10.9
1981	11.9	20.8	10.3
1982	11.5	20.5	9.9
1983	11.2	20.0	9.6
1984	10.8	19.2	9.3
1985	10.6	19.0	9.2
1986	10.4	18.9	8.8
1987	10.1	18.8	8.5
1988	10.0	18.5	8.4
1989	9.8	18.6	8.1
1990	9.2	18.0	7.6
1991	8.9	17.6	7.3
1992	8.5	16.8	6.9
1993	8.4	16.5	6.8
1994	8.0	15.8	6.6
1995	7.6	15.1	6.3

[Continued]

Infant Mortality Rates by Race, 1950-2000 Selected Years [Continued]

Years	Infant Mortality Rates
Total	Black	White
1996	7.3	14.7	6.1
1997	7.2	14.2	6.0
1998	7.2	14.3	6.0
1999	7.1	14.6	5.8
2000	6.9	13.5	5.7
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Births: Final Data for 2000," National Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 50, No. 5, February 12, 2002.

Rates of Specific Organ System Defects Associated with Infant Deaths, 1980 and 1995

Rates are the number of infant deaths associated with specific organ system defects at birth per 100,000 live births.
Organ Systems	1980	1995	% Change 1980 to 1995
Cardiovascular defects	105.5	58.8	-44.3
Central nervous system defects	46.7	21.9	-53.1
Chromosomal defects	18.1	23.0	26.8
Respiratory defects	17.8	25.2	42.2
Musculoskeletal defects	17.8	12.1	32.1
Genitourinary defects	12.5	10.0	-20.5
Digestive system defects	8.0	2.2	-71.9
All other defects	28.7	14.9	-48.2
Total	255.2	168.1	-34.2
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, "Trends in Infant Mortality Attributable to Birth Defects-United States, 1980-1995," September 25, 1998, pp. 773-778, available online at http://www/cdc/gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054921.htm.