Top-Selling Medicinal Herbs in the United States: 1995-99
| Sales in millions of dollars. | |||
| Herb | Sales in 1995 | Sales in 1999 | % Change |
| Echinacea | 170 | 280 | 65 |
| Garlic | 150 | 190 | 27 |
| Ginkgo biloba | 170 | 300 | 76 |
| Ginseng | 190 | 210 | 11 |
| St. John's wort | 10 | 280 | 2,700 |
| Saw palmetto | 40 | 110 | 175 |
| Combinations | 900 | 1,680 | 87 |
| All other | 840 | 1,060 | 26 |
| Total | 2,470 | 4,110 | 66 |
| Source: "Alternative Medicine," World Almanac and Book of Facts,Annual2001 p508; Primary Sources: National Center for ComplementaryandAlternative Medicine,NationalInstitutes ofHealth, Nutrition Business Journal. | |||
Alternative Health Care Practitioners: 1999
| Practice | Licensed Practitioners |
| Acupuncture | 5,500 |
| Chiropractic | 65,300 |
| Homeopathy | 1,700 |
| Massage therapy | 32,700 |
| Naturopathy | 2,200 |
| Osteopathy | 39,800 |
| Traditional Oriental medicine | 10,500 |
| Total | 159,600 |
| Source: "Alternative Medicine," World Almanac and Book of Fact s, Annual 2001 p508; Primary Sources: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Nutrition Business Journal. | |
NCCAM Budget Appropriations ($ Mil.): 1992-2002
| NCCAM is National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. | |
| FY | $ |
| 1992 | 2 |
| 1998 | 20 |
| 1999 | 50 |
| 2000 | 69 |
| 2001 | 89 |
| 2002 | 105 |
| Source: Budget of the United States Government,retrievedJuly 2,2002, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2003/pdf/hist.pdf. | |
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-971
| Year | Meat, poultry, fish | |||||||
| Pounds, boneless,trimmed equivalent | Eggs Number | |||||||
| Red meat | Poultry | Fish/shellfish | Total4 | |||||
| Beef | Pork | Total2 | Chicken | Total3 | ||||
| 1970 | 79.6 | 48.0 | 131.7 | 27.4 | 33.8 | 11.7 | 177.3 | 308.9 |
| 1971 | 79.0 | 52.6 | 135.5 | 27.4 | 34.0 | 11.5 | 181.0 | 309.9 |
| 1972 | 80.3 | 47.8 | 131.8 | 28.3 | 35.4 | 12.5 | 179.7 | 303.0 |
| 1973 | 75.8 | 43.0 | 121.8 | 27.1 | 33.7 | 12.7 | 168.2 | 288.4 |
| 1974 | 80.6 | 46.7 | 130.4 | 27.0 | 33.8 | 12.1 | 176.3 | 283.0 |
| 1975 | 83.0 | 38.7 | 125.8 | 26.4 | 32.9 | 12.1 | 170.9 | 276.0 |
| 1976 | 88.8 | 40.3 | 133.0 | 28.5 | 35.5 | 12.9 | 181.4 | 269.8 |
| 1977 | 86.3 | 42.3 | 132.3 | 29.0 | 35.9 | 12.6 | 180.9 | 267.0 |
| 1978 | 82.2 | 42.3 | 127.5 | 30.4 | 37.3 | 13.4 | 178.2 | 271.5 |
| 1979 | 73.5 | 48.6 | 124.4 | 32.8 | 40.1 | 13.0 | 177.6 | 276.6 |
| 1980 | 72.1 | 52.1 | 126.4 | 32.7 | 40.8 | 12.4 | 179.6 | 271.1 |
| 1981 | 72.8 | 49.9 | 125.1 | 33.7 | 42.1 | 12.6 | 179.7 | 264.4 |
| 1982 | 72.5 | 44.9 | 119.8 | 33.9 | 42.2 | 12.4 | 174.4 | 264.1 |
| 1983 | 74.1 | 47.4 | 123.9 | 34.0 | 42.7 | 13.3 | 180.0 | 260.2 |
| 1984 | 73.9 | 47.2 | 123.7 | 35.3 | 44.0 | 14.1 | 181.7 | 260.1 |
| 1985 | 74.6 | 47.7 | 124.9 | 36.4 | 45.5 | 15.0 | 185.4 | 254.7 |
| 1986 | 74.4 | 45.2 | 122.2 | 37.2 | 47.4 | 15.4 | 184.9 | 253.5 |
| 1987 | 69.6 | 45.6 | 117.4 | 39.4 | 51.0 | 16.1 | 184.5 | 253.8 |
| 1988 | 68.6 | 48.8 | 119.5 | 39.6 | 51.9 | 15.1 | 186.6 | 246.6 |
| 1989 | 65.4 | 48.4 | 115.9 | 40.9 | 53.9 | 15.6 | 185.4 | 237.0 |
| 1990 | 63.9 | 46.4 | 112.3 | 42.4 | 56.3 | 15.0 | 183.5 | 234.3 |
| 1991 | 63.1 | 46.9 | 111.9 | 44.2 | 58.3 | 14.8 | 185.1 | 233.7 |
| 1992 | 62.8 | 49.4 | 114.1 | 46.7 | 60.8 | 14.7 | 189.5 | 235.0 |
| 1993 | 61.5 | 48.9 | 112.1 | 48.5 | 62.5 | 14.9 | 189.5 | 235.6 |
| 1994 | 63.6 | 49.5 | 114.7 | 49.3 | 63.3 | 15.1 | 193.2 | 237.7 |
| 1995 | 64.4 | 49.0 | 115.1 | 48.8 | 62.9 | 14.9 | 193.0 | 235.4 |
[Continued]
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97
| [Continued] | |||||||||||
| Year | Meat, poultry, fish | ||||||||||
| Pounds, boneless,trimmed equivalent | Eggs Number | ||||||||||
| Red meat | Poultry | Fish/shellfish | Total4 | ||||||||
| Beef | Pork | Total2 | Chicken | Total3 | |||||||
| 1996 | 65.0 | 45.9 | 112.8 | 49.8 | 64.4 | 14.7 | 191.8 | 237.1 | |||
| 1997 | 63.8 | 45.6 | 111.0 | 50.9 | 64.8 | 14.5 | 190.3 | 238.7 | |||
| 1998 | 64.9 | 49.1 | 115.6 | 51.6 | 65.8 | 14.5 | 195.9 | 243.8 | |||
| Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Appendix Table 1, retrieved June 5, 2002, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib750/aib750app.pdf. Notes: 1. Forecast for 1998 shown for meat and eggs. 2. Includes veal, lamb, and mutton. 3. Includes turkey. 4. Computed from unrounded data. | |||||||||||
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97-continued1
| Beverage milk products measured in gallons. Fluid cream products and yogurt measured in half-pints. | |||||||
| Year | Dairy Products | ||||||
| Fluid Milk Products | Fluid Cream Products | ||||||
| Beverage Milk | Yogurt | ||||||
| Whole | Lower Fat & Fat Free | Total4 | Cream5 | Sour Cream | Total6 | ||
| 1970 | 25.5 | 5.8 | 31.3 | 1.5 | 7.2 | 2.0 | 9.8 |
| 1971 | 25.0 | 6.3 | 31.3 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 2.2 | 9.6 |
| 1972 | 24.1 | 6.9 | 31.0 | 2.4 | 6.4 | 2.4 | 9.7 |
| 1973 | 23.0 | 7.5 | 30.5 | 2.5 | 6.7 | 2.4 | 9.8 |
| 1974 | 21.7 | 7.7 | 29.5 | 2.7 | 6.4 | 2.7 | 9.8 |
| 1975 | 21.1 | 8.4 | 29.5 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 10.0 |
| 1976 | 20.4 | 9.0 | 29.3 | 3.9 | 6.3 | 3.0 | 10.1 |
| 1977 | 19.5 | 9.5 | 29.0 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 10.2 |
| 1978 | 18.7 | 9.8 | 28.6 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 3.2 | 10.1 |
| 1979 | 18.0 | 10.2 | 28.2 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 10.3 |
| 1980 | 17.0 | 10.5 | 27.6 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 3.4 | 10.5 |
| 1981 | 16.3 | 10.8 | 27.1 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 10.8 |
| 1982 | 15.5 | 10.9 | 26.4 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 11.0 |
| 1983 | 15.2 | 11.1 | 26.3 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 3.9 | 11.7 |
| 1984 | 14.8 | 11.6 | 26.4 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 4.2 | 12.7 |
| 1985 | 14.3 | 12.3 | 26.7 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 4.3 | 13.5 |
| 1986 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 26.5 | 7.7 | 8.8 | 4.4 | 14.2 |
| 1987 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 26.3 | 7.9 | 8.8 | 4.6 | 14.3 |
| 1988 | 12.3 | 13.5 | 25.8 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 4.6 | 14.3 |
| 1989 | 11.3 | 14.7 | 26.0 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 4.7 | 14.7 |
| 1990 | 10.5 | 15.2 | 25.7 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 4.7 | 14.3 |
| 1991 | 10.2 | 15.5 | 25.6 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 4.9 | 14.5 |
| 1992 | 9.8 | 15.6 | 25.3 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 5.1 | 15.0 |
[Continued]
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97-continued [Continued]
| Year | Dairy Products | ||||||
| Fluid Milk Products | Fluid Cream Products | ||||||
| Beverage Milk | Yogurt | ||||||
| Whole | Lower Fat & Fat Free | Total4 | Cream5 | Sour Cream | Total6 | ||
| 1993 | 9.3 | 15.4 | 24.8 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 5.1 | 15.1 |
| 1994 | 9.2 | 15.6 | 24.8 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 15.2 |
| 1995 | 8.8 | 15.6 | 24.8 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 15.2 |
| 1996 | 8.7 | 15.7 | 24.4 | 8.9 | 10.2 | 5.4 | 16.4 |
| 1997 | 8.5 | 15.5 | 24.0 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 5.6 | 17.0 |
| Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Appendix Table 1, retrieved June 5, 2002, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib750/aib750app.pdf. Notes: 4. Computed from unrounded data. 5. Includes half and half, light cream, and heavy cream. 6. Includes eggnog. | |||||||
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97-continued
| Year | Dairy Products | ||||||
| Pounds | Frozen Dairy | ||||||
| Cheese | Cottage Cheese | ||||||
| Cheddar | Mozzarella | Cream7 | Total8 | Ice Cream | Total9 | ||
| 1970 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 11.4 | 5.2 | 17.8 | 28.5 |
| 1971 | 5.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 17.7 | 28.2 |
| 1972 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 13.0 | 5.4 | 17.6 | 28.0 |
| 1973 | 6.1 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 13.5 | 5.2 | 17.5 | 28.0 |
| 1974 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 14.4 | 4.6 | 17.5 | 27.7 |
| 1975 | 6.0 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 14.3 | 4.6 | 18.6 | 28.6 |
| 1976 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 15.5 | 4.7 | 18.0 | 27.5 |
| 1977 | 6.8 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 16.0 | 4.7 | 17.6 | 27.5 |
| 1978 | 6.9 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 16.8 | 4.7 | 17.6 | 27.3 |
| 1979 | 6.9 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 17.2 | 4.5 | 17.3 | 26.5 |
| 1980 | 6.9 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 17.5 | 4.5 | 17.5 | 26.4 |
| 1981 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 18.2 | 4.3 | 17.4 | 26.5 |
| 1982 | 8.7 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 19.9 | 4.2 | 17.6 | 26.4 |
| 1983 | 9.1 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 20.6 | 4.1 | 18.1 | 27.1 |
| 1984 | 9.5 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 21.5 | 4.1 | 18.2 | 27.2 |
| 1985 | 9.8 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 22.5 | 4.1 | 18.1 | 27.9 |
| 1986 | 9.8 | 5.6 | 1.3 | 23.1 | 4.1 | 18.4 | 27.9 |
| 1987 | 10.6 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 24.1 | 3.9 | 18.4 | 28.2 |
| 1988 | 9.5 | 6.0 | 1.5 | 23.7 | 3.9 | 17.3 | 27.7 |
| 1989 | 9.2 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 23.8 | 3.6 | 16.1 | 28.7 |
| 1990 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 1.7 | 24.6 | 3.4 | 15.8 | 28.4 |
| 1991 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 1.8 | 25.0 | 3.3 | 16.3 | 29.2 |
| 1992 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 2.0 | 26.0 | 3.1 | 16.3 | 28.9 |
[Continued]
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97-continued [Continued]
| Year | Dairy Products | ||||||
| Pounds | Frozen Dairy | ||||||
| Cheese | Cottage Cheese | ||||||
| Cheddar | Mozzarella | Cream7 | Total8 | Ice Cream | Total9 | ||
| 1993 | 9.1 | 7.5 | 2.1 | 26.2 | 2.9 | 16.1 | 29.3 |
| 1994 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 26.8 | 2.8 | 16.1 | 29.9 |
| 1995 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 2.1 | 27.3 | 2.7 | 15.7 | 29.4 |
| 1996 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 2.2 | 27.7 | 2.6 | 15.9 | 28.6 |
| 1997 | 9.6 | 8.4 | 2.3 | 28.0 | 2.7 | 16.2 | 28.7 |
| Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Appendix Table 1, retrieved June 5, 2002, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib750/aib750app.pdf. Notes: 7. Includes Neufchatel. 8. Excludes full-skim American and cottage, pot, and baker s cheese. 9. Includes lower fat and nonfat ice cream, sherbet, mellorine, frozen yogurt beginning 1981 and other nonstandardized frozen dairy products. | |||||||
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97- continued
| Year | Fats and Oils | ||||||
| Pounds | Total Fat Content10 | ||||||
| Butter | Margarine | Lard/Beef Tallow | Shortening | Salad/Cooking Oils | Total Product Weight10 | ||
| 1970 | 5.4 | 10.8 | 4.6 | 17.3 | 15.4 | 55.8 | 52.6 |
| 1971 | 5.2 | 10.9 | 4.2 | 16.8 | 15.6 | 55.0 | 51.8 |
| 1972 | 5.0 | 11.1 | 3.7 | 17.6 | 16.8 | 56.6 | 53.4 |
| 1973 | 4.8 | 11.1 | 3.3 | 17.0 | 17.7 | 56.5 | 53.3 |
| 1974 | 4.5 | 11.1 | 3.2 | 16.9 | 18.1 | 55.5 | 52.4 |
| 1975 | 4.7 | 11.0 | 3.2 | 17.0 | 17.9 | 55.8 | 52.6 |
| 1976 | 4.3 | 11.9 | 2.9 | 17.7 | 19.5 | 58.3 | 55.1 |
| 1977 | 4.3 | 11.4 | 2.5 | 17.2 | 19.1 | 56.4 | 53.3 |
| 1978 | 4.4 | 11.3 | 2.4 | 17.8 | 20.1 | 58.0 | 54.9 |
| 1979 | 4.5 | 11.2 | 2.9 | 18.4 | 20.8 | 59.5 | 56.4 |
| 1980 | 4.5 | 11.3 | 3.6 | 18.2 | 21.2 | 60.3 | 57.2 |
| 1981 | 4.2 | 11.1 | 3.5 | 18.5 | 21.8 | 60.5 | 57.4 |
| 1982 | 4.3 | 11.0 | 3.8 | 18.6 | 21.9 | 61.3 | 58.2 |
| 1983 | 4.9 | 10.4 | 4.1 | 18.5 | 23.6 | 63.1 | 60.0 |
| 1984 | 4.9 | 10.4 | 3.8 | 21.3 | 22.5 | 64.6 | 61.6 |
| 1985 | 4.9 | 10.8 | 3.7 | 22.9 | 23.6 | 67.5 | 64.3 |
| 1986 | 4.6 | 11.4 | 3.5 | 22.1 | 24.4 | 67.7 | 64.5 |
| 1987 | 4.7 | 10.5 | 2.7 | 21.4 | 25.6 | 66.2 | 63.2 |
| 1988 | 4.5 | 10.3 | 2.6 | 21.5 | 26.3 | 66.5 | 63.6 |
| 1989 | 4.4 | 10.2 | 2.1 | 21.5 | 24.4 | 63.8 | 60.8 |
| 1990 | 4.4 | 10.9 | 2.4 | 22.2 | 24.8 | 65.9 | 62.8 |
| 1991 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 3.1 | 22.4 | 26.7 | 68.4 | 65.4 |
| 1992 | 4.4 | 11.0 | 4.1 | 22.4 | 27.2 | 70.4 | 67.4 |
[Continued]
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97- continued [Continued]
| Year | Fats and Oils | ||||||
| Pounds | Total Fat Content10 | ||||||
| Butter | Margarine | Lard/Beef Tallow | Shortening | Salad/Cooking Oils | Total Product Weight10 | ||
| 1993 | 4.7 | 11.1 | 3.9 | 25.1 | 26.8 | 73.3 | 70.2 |
| 1994 | 4.8 | 9.9 | 4.7 | 24.1 | 26.3 | 71.5 | 68.6 |
| 1995 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 4.9 | 22.5 | 26.9 | 69.6 | 66.9 |
| 1996 | 4.3 | 9.2 | 5.3 | 22.3 | 26.1 | 68.6 | 65.8 |
| 1997 | 4.2 | 8.6 | 4.7 | 20.9 | 28.7 | 68.2 | 65.6 |
| Source: USDA/Center for NutritionPolicy andPromotion(CNPP), Appendix Table1, retrievedJune 5,2002, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib750/aib750app.pdf. Notes: 10. Includes specialty fats usedmainly inconfectioneryproducts andnondairy creamers. | |||||||
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97-continued
| Year | Pounds, Fresh-Weight Equivalent | ||||||
| Fruit | Vegetables | ||||||
| Fresh | Processing Canning | ||||||
| Fresh | Processing11 | Total4 | |||||
| Potatoes | Total | Canning Tomatoes | Total | ||||
| 1970 | 101.2 | 136.5 | 237.7 | 61.8 | 152.9 | 62.1 | 100.7 |
| 1971 | 100.3 | 141.7 | 242.0 | 56.1 | 146.7 | 68.3 | 107.7 |
| 1972 | 94.8 | 136.8 | 231.5 | 57.9 | 149.9 | 64.9 | 104.5 |
| 1973 | 96.4 | 138.4 | 234.9 | 52.4 | 146.6 | 58.4 | 98.1 |
| 1974 | 95.6 | 138.6 | 234.2 | 49.4 | 144.5 | 61.3 | 99.3 |
| 1975 | 101.8 | 150.3 | 252.1 | 52.6 | 147.1 | 61.9 | 97.8 |
| 1976 | 101.5 | 155.5 | 257.0 | 49.4 | 146.4 | 65.7 | 103.3 |
| 1977 | 99.7 | 170.4 | 270.1 | 50.1 | 147.0 | 62.8 | 101.7 |
| 1978 | 103.4 | 154.4 | 257.8 | 46.0 | 141.6 | 58.8 | 96.7 |
| 1979 | 100.1 | 149.7 | 249.8 | 49.3 | 146.5 | 64.3 | 100.5 |
| 1980 | 104.8 | 157.5 | 262.4 | 51.1 | 149.3 | 63.6 | 102.7 |
| 1981 | 103.6 | 156.5 | 260.2 | 45.8 | 142.8 | 59.3 | 97.1 |
| 1982 | 107.4 | 154.7 | 262.1 | 47.1 | 148.6 | 60.1 | 95.1 |
| 1983 | 110.0 | 168.5 | 278.6 | 49.8 | 148.5 | 60.9 | 96.5 |
| 1984 | 112.6 | 153.5 | 266.0 | 48.3 | 154.0 | 68.5 | 102.6 |
| 1985 | 110.6 | 158.8 | 269.4 | 46.3 | 156.1 | 63.2 | 99.4 |
| 1986 | 117.3 | 159.0 | 276.3 | 48.8 | 156.2 | 63.6 | 99.8 |
| 1987 | 121.6 | 164.0 | 285.5 | 47.9 | 162.4 | 65.2 | 99.1 |
| 1988 | 120.9 | 151.9 | 272.8 | 49.6 | 167.4 | 61.3 | 94.8 |
| 1989 | 122.8 | 156.3 | 279.1 | 50.0 | 172.2 | 69.4 | 102.4 |
| 1990 | 116.3 | 157.1 | 273.5 | 46.8 | 167.2 | 75.4 | 110.7 |
| 1991 | 113.0 | 153.6 | 266.6 | 50.4 | 167.2 | 77.4 | 113.3 |
| 1992 | 123.5 | 144.5 | 268.0 | 48.6 | 171.1 | 73.7 | 111.6 |
| 1993 | 124.9 | 160.5 | 285.4 | 49.3 | 171.9 | 76.4 | 112.1 |
[Continued]
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97-continued [Continued]
| Year | Pounds, Fresh-Weight Equivalent | ||||||
| Fruit | Vegetables | ||||||
| Fresh | Processing Canning | ||||||
| Fresh | Processing11 | Total4 | |||||
| Potatoes | Total | Canning Tomatoes | Total | ||||
| 1994 | 126.5 | 157.8 | 284.3 | 50.3 | 177.4 | 73.6 | 107.8 |
| 1995 | 124.6 | 160.8 | 285.4 | 49.2 | 175.1 | 75.6 | 110.2 |
| 1996 | 129.0 | 160.8 | 289.8 | 50.0 | 181.8 | 74.2 | 108.5 |
| 1997 | 133.2 | 161.5 | 294.7 | 47.9 | 185.6 | 72.7 | 105.9 |
| Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Appendix Table 1, retrieved June 5, 2002, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib750/aib750app.pdf. Notes: 11. Excludes wine grapes. | |||||||
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97- continued
| Year | Pounds, Fresh-Weight Equivalent | |||||||
| Vegetables | Total Fruit/Vegetables4 | |||||||
| Processing | Total Vegetables4 | |||||||
| Freezing | Dehydrating | Potatoes for Chips | Pulses | Total | ||||
| Potatoes | Total | |||||||
| 1970 | 28.5 | 43.7 | 13.2 | 17.4 | 7.6 | 182.5 | 335.4 | 573.2 |
| 1971 | 30.1 | 45.4 | 13.8 | 17.2 | 7.5 | 191.6 | 338.3 | 580.3 |
| 1972 | 30.3 | 45.5 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 6.7 | 186.7 | 336.6 | 568.2 |
| 1973 | 34.2 | 50.5 | 14.3 | 16.3 | 7.9 | 187.1 | 333.8 | 568.6 |
| 1974 | 35.3 | 51.4 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 6.2 | 188.6 | 333.2 | 567.3 |
| 1975 | 37.1 | 52.7 | 16.7 | 15.5 | 7.2 | 189.9 | 337.0 | 589.1 |
| 1976 | 41.8 | 57.7 | 17.1 | 15.8 | 7.0 | 200.9 | 347.3 | 604.3 |
| 1977 | 42.2 | 59.4 | 12.7 | 16.2 | 6.9 | 196.9 | 343.9 | 613.9 |
| 1978 | 42.6 | 59.0 | 13.4 | 16.5 | 5.9 | 191.5 | 333.1 | 590.8 |
| 1979 | 38.5 | 55.5 | 13.1 | 16.7 | 6.8 | 192.5 | 339.1 | 588.9 |
| 1980 | 35.4 | 51.6 | 10.6 | 16.5 | 5.8 | 187.2 | 336.4 | 598.8 |
| 1981 | 41.5 | 58.3 | 11.6 | 16.6 | 6.0 | 189.6 | 332.4 | 592.6 |
| 1982 | 38.6 | 54.3 | 12.4 | 17.0 | 6.9 | 185.6 | 334.3 | 596.4 |
| 1983 | 39.2 | 55.7 | 11.7 | 17.8 | 7.0 | 188.6 | 337.1 | 615.6 |
| 1984 | 43.7 | 62.8 | 11.8 | 18.0 | 5.5 | 200.6 | 354.6 | 620.7 |
| 1985 | 45.4 | 64.5 | 12.8 | 17.6 | 7.6 | 201.9 | 358.1 | 627.5 |
| 1986 | 46.3 | 64.5 | 12.8 | 18.1 | 7.3 | 202.6 | 358.7 | 635.1 |
| 1987 | 47.9 | 67.0 | 12.3 | 17.6 | 5.7 | 201.6 | 364.0 | 649.5 |
| 1988 | 43.3 | 64.2 | 12.1 | 17.1 | 7.5 | 195.7 | 363.1 | 635.9 |
| 1989 | 46.8 | 67.6 | 12.4 | 17.4 | 6.3 | 206.0 | 378.2 | 657.3 |
| 1990 | 46.5 | 66.8 | 14.6 | 16.4 | 7.1 | 215.6 | 382.8 | 656.3 |
| 1991 | 51.2 | 72.7 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 7.8 | 226.6 | 393.9 | 660.5 |
| 1992 | 50.2 | 70.8 | 14.3 | 17.2 | 8.2 | 222.1 | 393.2 | 661.1 |
| 1993 | 52.9 | 75.1 | 15.5 | 17.5 | 7.7 | 227.9 | 399.8 | 685.1 |
[Continued]
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities, 1970-97- continued [Continued]
| Year | Pounds, Fresh-Weight Equivalent | |||||||
| Vegetables | Total Fruit/Vegetables4 | |||||||
| Processing | Total Vegetables4 | |||||||
| Freezing | Dehydrating | Potatoes for Chips | Pulses | Total | ||||
| Potatoes | Total | |||||||
| 1994 | 57.4 | 79.5 | 14.7 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 227.4 | 404.8 | 689.1 |
| 1995 | 56.9 | 79.9 | 14.7 | 16.6 | 8.5 | 229.9 | 405.0 | 690.4 |
| 1996 | 60.4 | 83.9 | 17.6 | 16.4 | 8.0 | 234.5 | 416.2 | 706.1 |
| 1997 | 59.0 | 81.5 | 18.6 | 15.9 | 8.5 | 230.4 | 416.0 | 710.8 |
| Source: USDA/Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Appendix Table 1, retrieved June5, 2002, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib750/aib750app.pdf. Note: 4. Computed from unrounded data. | ||||||||
How Expenditures on Many Grocery Products in High- and Low- Income Cities Vary From the U.S. Average
| Items With Above-Average Household Expenditures Relative to U.S. Average | Percent | Items With Below-Average Household Expenditures Relative to U.S. Average | Percent |
| Low-income cities1 | Low-income cities1 | ||
| Cornmeal3 | 242 | Seltzers/club soda3 | 34 |
| Canned sausage | 192 | Refrigerated salad dressing3 | 38 |
| Solid shortening3 | 175 | Bottled water3 | 41 |
| Canned lunch meat | 162 | Miscellaneous refrigerated juices3 | 43 |
| Flour | 155 | Deluxe frozen vegetables | 44 |
| Ground pepper | 141 | Frozen green beans3 | 47 |
| Evaporated condensed milk | 138 | Frozen fish dishes | 48 |
| Refrigerated biscuits3 | 132 | Frozen Italian dishes | 51 |
| Low-calorie soft drinks | 131 | Refrigerated yogurt3 | 52 |
| Canned pie filling3 | 128 | Refrigerated Mexican foods | 53 |
| High-Income cities2 | High-Income cities2 | ||
| Seltzers/club soda3 | 197 | Solid shortening3 | 48 |
| Miscellaneous refrigerated juices3 | 171 | Canned meat stew | 56 |
| Bottled water | 171 | Canned pie filling3 | 56 |
| Refrigerated orange juice | 160 | Refrigerated biscuits3 | 57 |
| Refrigerated drinks | 155 | Spoonable salad dressing | 60 |
| Frozen green beans3 | 154 | Cornmeal3 | 61 |
| Dried rice | 152 | Canned green beans | 68 |
| Refrigerated yogurt3 | 147 | Dry toaster items | 68 |
[Continued]
How Expenditures on Many Grocery Products in High- and Low- Income Cities Vary From the U.S. Average [Continued]
| Items With Above-Average Household Expenditures Relative to U.S. Average | Percent | Items With Below-Average Household Expenditures Relative to U.S. Average | Percent |
| Butter | 147 | Refrigerated pastries | 69 |
| Refrigerated salad dressing3 | 142 | Canned poultry | 69 |
| Source: Mark D. Jekanowski and James K. Binkley,"Food Spending Varies Across the United States," Food Review, Vol. 23, Issue 1, Jan-Apr 2000, pp. 38+; primary source: Compiled from data collected by Selling Area Marketing Incorporated (SAMI), 1990 Notes: 1. Representative low-income cities are: Scranton, Pennsylvania; Charleston,West Virginia; Shreveport, Louisiana; and El Paso, Texas. 2. Representative high-income cities are: New York City, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Miami, Florida; and San Francisco, California. 3. Items that have both the lowest (highest) indices for high-income regions, and the highest (lowest) indices for low-income regions. | |||
Certified Organic Farmland Acreage and Livestock: 1992 to 1997
| NA Not available. | |||||||
| Item | Unit | 1992 | 1995 | 1997 | Crop | Certified Organic Acreage, 1997 | |
| Total (1,000) | Percent of Total Cropland | ||||||
| Certified growers | Number | 3,587 | 4,856 | 5,021 | Total | 1,347 | 0.16 |
| Pastureland and rangeland | 496 | 0.11 | |||||
| Certified organic acreage, total | 1,000 | 935 | 918 | 1,347 | Cropland | 850 | 0.23 |
| Pastureland and rangeland | 1,000 | 532 | 279 | 496 | |||
| Cropland | 1,000 | 403 | 639 | 850 | Corn | 43 | 0.10 |
| Certified animals | Wheat | 126 | 0.20 | ||||
| Beef cows | Number | 6,796 | NA | 4,429 | Oats | 30 | 1.10 |
| Milk cows | Number | 2,265 | NA | 12,897 | Barley | 30 | 0.50 |
| Hogs and pigs | Number | 1,365 | NA | 482 | Spelt | 2 | 36.70 |
| Sheep and lambs | Number | 1,221 | NA | 705 | Buckwheat | 8 | 30.10 |
| Layer hens | Number | 43,981 | NA | 537,826 | Soybeans | 82 | 0.10 |
| Broilers | Number | 17,382 | NA | 38,285 | Alfalfa | 62 | 0.30 |
| Unclassified/other | Number | NA | NA | 226,105 | Grapes | 19 | 1.90 |
| Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, Table 805. Primary sources: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, "U.S. certified organic farmland acreage and livestock, 1992-97"; published April 4 2000; http://www.ers.usda.gov/whatsnew/issues/organic/table4.html; and "Certified organic and total U.S. acreage, selected crops, 1995-97"; published April 4, 2000; http://www.ers.usda.gov/whatsnew/issues/organic/table5.htm | |||||||
Intake Levels and Nutrient Densities of Foods at Home and Away From Home, Individuals Age 2 and Over, 1977-95
| NA Not available. | |||||||
| 1977-78 | 1987-88 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1994 | 1995 | |
| Calories: | |||||||
| Average intake (kcal) | 1,876.0 | 1,807.0 | 1,837.0 | 1,853.0 | 1,883.0 | 2,006.0 | 2,043.0 |
| % consuming > REA | 26.0 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 28.0 | 31.0 |
| % of total calories: | |||||||
| At home | 82.0 | 73.0 | 73.0 | 74.0 | 71.0 | 69.0 | 66.0 |
| Away from home1 | 18.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 26.0 | 29.0 | 31.0 | 34.0 |
| Restaurants | 3.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Fast food | 3.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 |
| Schools2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Other public places | 3.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 |
| Others | 6.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 |
| Fat: | |||||||
| Avg. intake (grams) | 86.3 | 74.7 | 72.0 | 72.9 | 73.4 | 74.9 | 76.2 |
| Avg. intake (% of cal.) | 41.2 | 37.0 | 35.3 | 35.4 | 35.1 | 33.6 | 33.6 |
| % meeting recom. | 13.0 | 21.0 | 20.0 | 29.0 | 30.0 | 36.0 | 37.0 |
| Nutrient density (% of cal.): | |||||||
| Benchmark density3 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| Average nutrient density | 41.2 | 37.0 | 35.3 | 35.4 | 35.1 | 33.6 | 33.6 |
| Home foods | 41.1 | 36.3 | 34.4 | 34.5 | 33.8 | 31.9 | 31.5 |
| Away from home1 | 41.2 | 38.7 | 37.8 | 38.1 | 38.2 | 37.4 | 37.6 |
| Restaurants | 46.2 | 41.3 | 40.7 | 40.7 | 41.2 | 40.0 | 40.1 |
| Fast food | 41.6 | 39.7 | 39.7 | 39.6 | 38.8 | 39.9 | 39.3 |
| Schools2 | 40.1 | 38.0 | 37.7 | 36.1 | 36.8 | 36.1 | 35.7 |
| Other public places | 41.4 | 41.2 | 34.8 | 40.9 | 42.3 | 30.3 | 32.6 |
| Others | 38.6 | 36.4 | 33.9 | 33.1 | 34.2 | 34.1 | 34.9 |
| Saturated fat: | |||||||
| Avg. intake (grams) | NA | 27.7 | 25.7 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 25.6 | 26.2 |
| Avg. intake (% of cal.) | NA | 13.8 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| % meeting recom. | NA | 17.0 | 29.0 | 29.0 | 31.0 | 40.0 | 39.0 |
| Nutrient density (% of cal.): | |||||||
| Benchmark density3 | NA | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Average nutrient density | NA | 13.8 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Home foods | NA | 13.5 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 11.1 | 10.9 |
| Away from home1 | NA | 14.7 | 13.5 | 13.8 | 13.3 | 12.4 | 12.8 |
| Restaurants | NA | 15.5 | 14.3 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 12.5 |
| Fast food | NA | 15.4 | 14.2 | 14.5 | 13.1 | 13.6 | 13.8 |
| Schools2 | NA | 13.9 | 15.4 | 16.1 | 15.4 | 14.4 | 14.2 |
| Other public places | NA | 15.2 | 12.0 | 14.6 | 13.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 |
| Others | NA | 13.7 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 12.0 | 11.1 | 12.1 |
| Cholesterol: | |||||||
| Average intake (mg) | NA | 286.0 | 282.0 | 272.0 | 265.0 | 260.0 | 268.0 |
| % meeting recom. | NA | 66.0 | 66.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 71.0 | 69.0 |
| Nutrient density (mg/1,000 kcal): | |||||||
| Benchmark density3 | NA | 166.0 | 163.0 | 162.0 | 159.0 | 150.0 | 147.0 |
[Continued]
Intake Levels and Nutrient Densities of Foods at Home and Away From Home, Individuals Age 2 and Over, 1977-95 [Continued]
| 1977-78 | 1987-88 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1994 | 1995 | |
| Average nutrient density | NA | 158.0 | 153.0 | 147.0 | 140.0 | 130.0 | 131.0 |
| Home foods | NA | 161.0 | 155.0 | 148.0 | 143.0 | 127.0 | 129.0 |
| Away from home1 | NA | 151.0 | 149.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 134.0 | 134.0 |
| Restaurants | NA | 215.0 | 207.0 | 195.0 | 187.0 | 187.0 | 176.0 |
| Fast food | NA | 138.0 | 137.0 | 123.0 | 136.0 | 124.0 | 124.0 |
| Schools2 | NA | 121.0 | 116.0 | 107.0 | 123.0 | 101.0 | 106.0 |
| Other public places | NA | 160.0 | 161.0 | 189.0 | 152.0 | 103.0 | 114.0 |
| Others | NA | 131.0 | 116.0 | 117.0 | 116.0 | 113.0 | 122.0 |
| Sodium: | |||||||
| Average intake (mg) | NA | 3,023.0 | 3,090.0 | 3,081.0 | 3,168.0 | 3,313.0 | 3,348.0 |
| % meeting recom. | NA | 41.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 39.0 | 36.0 | 34.0 |
| Nutrient density (mg/1,000 kcal): | |||||||
| Benchmark density3 | NA | 1,328.0 | 1,307.0 | 1,296.0 | 1,275.0 | 1,196.0 | 1,175.0 |
| Average nutrient density | NA | 1,672.0 | 1,681.0 | 1,662.0 | 1,681.0 | 1,651.0 | 1,637.0 |
| Home foods | NA | 1,678.0 | 1,679.0 | 1,671.0 | 1,670.0 | 1,630.0 | 1,630.0 |
| Away from home1 | NA | 1,656.0 | 1,686.0 | 1,638.0 | 1,708.0 | 1,695.0 | 1,651.0 |
| Restaurants | NA | 1,824.0 | 1,817.0 | 2,017.0 | 2,019.0 | 1,898.0 | 1,873.0 |
| Fast food | NA | 1,575.0 | 1,654.0 | 1,616.0 | 1,628.0 | 1,724.0 | 1,674.0 |
| School2 | NA | 1,604.0 | 1,526.0 | 1,529.0 | 1,512.0 | 1,601.0 | 1,576.0 |
| Other public places | NA | 1,911.0 | 1,807.0 | 1,657.0 | 1,738.0 | 1,469.0 | 1,548.0 |
| Others | NA | 1,590.0 | 1,607.0 | 1,402.0 | 1,579.0 | 1,551.0 | 1,476.0 |
| Fiber: | |||||||
| Average intake (grams) | NA | 12.7 | 13.7 | 13.1 | 14.0 | 15.2 | 15.2 |
| % meeting recom. | NA | 18.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 |
| Nutrient density (grams per 1,000 kcal): | |||||||
| Benchmark density3 | NA | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.4 |
| Average density | NA | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.4 |
| Home foods | NA | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Away from home1 | NA | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.1 |
| Restaurants | NA | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.2 |
| Fast food | NA | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.6 |
| Schools2 | NA | 7.6 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
| Other public places | NA | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.8 |
| Others | NA | 5.9 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.2 |
| Calcium: | |||||||
| Average intake (mg) | 743.0 | 756.0 | 773.0 | 791.0 | 785.0 | 794.0 | 813.0 |
| % meeting recom. | 31.0 | 32.0 | 33.0 | 36.0 | 33.0 | 35.0 | 36.0 |
| Nutrient density (mg/1,000 kcal): | |||||||
| Bench mark density3 | 481.0 | 491.0 | 479.0 | 475.0 | 466.0 | 439.0 | 432.0 |
| Average nutrient density | 396.0 | 418.0 | 420.0 | 426.0 | 416.0 | 395.0 | 397.0 |
| Home foods | 402.0 | 439.0 | 444.0 | 448.0 | 446.0 | 421.0 | 425.0 |
| Away from home1 | 368.0 | 360.0 | 356.0 | 365.0 | 350.0 | 337.0 | 343.0 |
| Restaurants | 280.0 | 302.0 | 315.0 | 295.0 | 312.0 | 301.0 | 291.0 |
| Fast food | 304.0 | 342.0 | 338.0 | 345.0 | 305.0 | 350.0 | 353.0 |
| Schools2 | 645.0 | 648.0 | 596.0 | 707.0 | 676.0 | 657.0 | 689.0 |
[Continued]
Intake Levels and Nutrient Densities of Foods at Home and Away From Home, Individuals Age 2 and Over, 1977-95 [Continued]
| 1977-78 | 1987-88 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1994 | 1995 | ||
| Other public places | 341.0 | 346.0 | 430.0 | 368.0 | 316.0 | 302.0 | 317.0 | |
| Others | 308.0 | 330.0 | 326.0 | 316.0 | 321.0 | 286.0 | 296.0 | |
| Iron: | ||||||||
| Average intake (mg) | 11.3 | 12.9 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 15.7 | |
| % meeting recom. | 42.0 | 47.0 | 50.0 | 51.0 | 50.0 | 57.0 | 61.0 | |
| Nutrient density (mg/1,000 kcal): | ||||||||
| Benchmark density3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.7 | |
| Average nutrient density | 6.0 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.7 | |
| Home foods | 6.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 8.4 | |
| Away from home1 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | |
| Restaurants | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.5 | |
| Fast food | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | |
| Schools2 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.1 | |
| Other public places | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.5 | |
| Others | 5.2 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.4 | |
| Source: Biing-Hwan Lin, Joanne Guthrie, and Elizabeth Frazco, Nutrient Contribution of Food Away From Home, Compiled by ERS from NFCS 1977-78, NFCS 1987-88, CSFII 1989-91, and CSFII 1994-95, 1-day intake data; retrieved July 3, 2002, from www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib750/aib750l.pdf Notes: 1. Away from home presents the aggregate of fast foods, restaurants, schools, other public places, and others. 2. Schools are classified as a separate category for children only; for adults, they are included in the others category. 3. Benchmark densities are obtained by dividing the recommended intake for each nutrient by the individual's actual food energy intake. The benchmark density for specific groups of individuals is the sum of recommended intakes for all individuals divided by the sum of their actual caloric intakes. | ||||||||
Physical Activity: 1998
| In percent. Covers persons 18 years old and over. Based on responses to questions about physical activity in prior month from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Estimates are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard population. Based on a survey sample of approximately 147,000 persons in 50 states and the District of Columbia in 1998. | |||
| Characteristic | Persons Who Meet Recommended Activity1 | Persons With Insufficient Activity2 | Persons Who Are Physically Inactive3 |
| Total | 25.3 | 45.8 | 28.9 |
| Male | 26.4 | 46.8 | 26.9 |
| Female | 26.4 | 46.8 | 26.9 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 26.4 | 47.3 | 26.3 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 20.9 | 43.9 | 35.2 |
| Hispanic | 20.8 | 38.6 | 40.6 |
| Other | 25.6 | 44.6 | 29.8 |
| Males: | |||
| 18 to 29 years old | 27.7 | 54.2 | 18.1 |
| 30 to 44 years old | 22.8 | 52.7 | 24.5 |
| 45 to 64 years old | 25.4 | 44.1 | 30.5 |
| 65 to 74 years old | 32.1 | 36.8 | 31.1 |
| 75 years old and over | 32.1 | 26.9 | 41.0 |
[Continued]
Physical Activity: 1998 [Continued]
| Characteristic | Persons Who Meet Recommended Activity1 | Persons With Insufficient Activity2 | Persons Who Are Physically Inactive3 |
| Females: | |||
| 18 to 29 years old | 24.5 | 50.0 | 25.5 |
| 30 to 44 years old | 24.7 | 47.4 | 27.9 |
| 54 to 64 years old | 23.9 | 44.7 | 31.4 |
| 65 to 74 years old | 23.6 | 40.5 | 35.9 |
| 75 years old and over | 25.3 | 26.8 | 47.9 |
| School years completed: | |||
| Less than 12 years | 15.7 | 34.4 | 49.9 |
| 12 years | 21.3 | 44.5 | 34.2 |
| Some college (13-15 years) | 26.9 | 48.1 | 24.9 |
| College (16 or more years) | 33.5 | 49.9 | 16.6 |
| Household income: | |||
| Less than $10,000 | 19.7 | 36.5 | 43.8 |
| $10,000 to $19,999 | 19.3 | 40.5 | 40.2 |
| $20,000 to $34,999 | 22.8 | 45.0 | 32.2 |
| $35,000 to $49,999 | 26.9 | 48.5 | 24.6 |
| $50,000 and over | 33.5 | 49.0 | 17.6 |
| Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, Table 198. Primary source: U.S. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, unpublished data. Notes: 1. Recommended activity is physical activity at least five times/week x 30 minutes/time or vigorous physical activity for 20 minutes at a time at least three times/week. 2. Persons whose reported physical activity does not meet recommended level. 3. Persons with no reported physical activity. | |||
Immunization and Infectious Diseases, Healthy People Objectives
| DTP is diphtheria-tetanus-pertusis. MMR is measles-mumps-rubella. Hib is Haemophilus influenzae. | |||||||||||||
| Objective | Baseline Year | Percentage | |||||||||||
| Baseline | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | |||
| Children 19-35 months | |||||||||||||
| Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (3+doses) | - | - | - | 69 | 83 | 88 | 90 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | |
| Polio (3 or more doses) | - | - | - | 53 | 72 | 79 | 79 | 88 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | |
| Measles-containing | - | - | - | 82 | 83 | 84 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b (3+doses) | - | - | - | 2 | 28 | 55 | 75 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 94 | |
| Hepatitis B (3 or more doses) | - | - | - | - | 16 | 34 | 68 | 82 | 84 | 87 | 88 | - | |
| 4DTP/3Polio/1MMR | - | - | - | - | 55 | 67 | 68 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 81 | 80 | |
| Children in licensed care facil.1,2 | 1987-88 | 94-953 | 94-964 | 94-965 | 94-966 | 95-987 | 95-988 | 98-999 | 9510 | 93-9611 | 93-9513 | ||
| Children in K-postsecondary1,2 | 1987-88 | 97-983 | 97-984 | 96-985 | 96-986 | 92-947 | 93-948 | 94-959 | 98-9910 | 95-9811 | 95-9712 | 96-9913 | |
| Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Healthy People 2000 Final Review, Table 20, retrieved June 13, 2002, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/. Notes: 1. Range of antigen-specific immunization levels. 2. Three or more doses for DTP and polio. 3. 1987-88 school year. 4. 1989-90 school year. 5. 1990-91 school year. 6. 1991-92 school year. 7. 1992-93 school year. 8. 1993-94 school year. 9. 1994-95 school year. 10. 1995-96 school year. 11. 1996-97 school year. 12. 1997-98 school year. 13. 1998-99 school year. | |||||||||||||
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Number of Cases), Epidemic-Related Pneumonia and Influenza Deaths Among People 65 years and Over (Per 100,000), and Percentage of Population 65 Years and Over Who Have Been Immunized
| Diseases/Immunizations | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | |
| Diphtheria to 25 years | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tetanus to 25 years | 6.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | |
| Polio (wild-type virus) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Measles | 26,527.0 | 9,411.0 | 2,237.0 | 312.0 | 963.0 | 309.0 | 508.0 | 138.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Rubella | 1,125.0 | 1,401.0 | 160.0 | 192.0 | 227.0 | 128.0 | 238.0 | 181.0 | 364.0 | 267.0 | |
| Congenital Rubella Syndrome | 11.0 | 47.0 | 11.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | |
| Mumps | 5,292.0 | 4,264.0 | 2,572.0 | 1,692.0 | 1,537.0 | 906.0 | 751.0 | 683.0 | 666.0 | 387.0 | |
| Pertussis | 4,570.0 | 2,719.0 | 4,083.0 | 6,586.0 | 4,617.0 | 5,137.0 | 7,796.0 | 6,564.0 | 7,405.0 | 7,298.0 | |
| Pneumonia & influenza deaths (per 100k) | 19.91 | 22.62 | 18.63 | 20.04 | 15.75 | 21.06 | 19.27 | 17.38 | 15.89 | NA | |
| Pneumococcal immunizations | |||||||||||
| Noninstitutionalized people 65+ (%) | NA | 21.0 | NA | 28.0 | 30.0 | 34.0 | NA | 43.0 | 46.0 | NA | |
| Black 65 years and over (%) | NA | 14.0 | NA | 14.0 | 15.0 | 23.0 | NA | 22.0 | 26.0 | NA | |
| Hispanic 65 years and over (%) | NA | 12.0 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | NA | |||
| Influenza immunizations (last 12 mos) | |||||||||||
| Noninstitutionalized people 65+ (%) | NA | 42.0 | NA | 52.0 | 55.0 | 58.0 | NA | 63.0 | 63.0 | NA | |
| Black 65 years and over (%) | NA | 27.0 | NA | 33.0 | 39.0 | 40.0 | NA | 45.0 | 46.0 | NA | |
| Hispanic 65 years and over (%) | NA | NA | NA | 47.0 | 38.0 | 50.0 | NA | 53.0 | 50.0 | NA | |
| Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Healthy People 2000 Final Review, Table 20, retrieved June 13, 2002, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/. Notes: NA Not reported. 1. 1979-80 influenza season through 1986-87 influenza season. 2. 1987 -88 influenza season through 1989-90 influenza season. 3. 1988 -89 influenza season through 1990-91 influenza season. 4. 1989 -90 influenza season through 1991-92 influenza season. 5. 1990 -91 influenza season through 1992-93 influenza season. 6. 1991 -92 influenza season through 1993-94 influenza season. 7. 1992 -93 influenza season through 1994-95 influenza season. 8. 1993 -94 influenza season through 1995-96 influenza season. 9. 1994-95 influenza season through 1996-97 influenza season. | |||||||||||
Estimated Growth in Community Health Care Sites: 2002-2006
| X Not applicable. | ||
| Year | Added Sites | For a Total of |
| 2001 | X | 3,307 |
| 2002 | 252 | 3,559 |
| 2003 | 430 | 3,737 |
| 2004 | 660 | 3,967 |
| 2005 | 930 | 4,237 |
| 2006 | 1,200 | 4,507 |
| Source: The White House Office of Management and Budget, retrieved June 26, 2002, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2003/bud15.html. | ||
School-Based Health Centers-Select Operations, Services, and Policies by Grades Served, Age of Center, and Sponsorship
| 806 school-based health centers completed the questionnaire. STD is sexually transmitted disease. | ||||||||||||
| Grades Served | Age of SBHC | Sponsor Type | ||||||||||
| Elementary | Middle | High | <2 years | 2-4 years | 5-9 years | 10+ years | Health Department | Community Health Center | School | Hospital Medical Center | University | |
| Primary care | 20 | 24 | 28 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 30 | 20 | 29 | 19 | 28 | 24 |
| Mental health | 12 | 19 | 23 | 17 | 14 | 18 | 30 | 14 | 18 | 23 | 16 | 24 |
| Operation Hours (%) | ||||||||||||
| >30 hrs/week | 57 | 72 | 78 | 58 | 62 | 72 | 88 | 71 | 72 | 76 | 65 | 73 |
| Summer operations | 47 | 48 | 49 | 42 | 49 | 45 | 55 | 48 | 41 | 41 | 56 | 54 |
| Services On-site (%) | ||||||||||||
| Prescriptions | 91 | 87 | 90 | 94 | 92 | 84 | 89 | 77 | 97 | 77 | 95 | 98 |
| Medications dispensed | 55 | 56 | 65 | 65 | 58 | 58 | 72 | 52 | 59 | 37 | 70 | 71 |
| STD diagnose/treat | 30 | 55 | 77 | 42 | 52 | 57 | 75 | 61 | 63 | 34 | 51 | 48 |
| Birth control | 22 | 28 | 21 | 19 | 21 | 41 | 29 | 22 | 13 | 25 | 15 | |
| Psychological development assessment | 72 | 75 | 73 | 70 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 68 | 71 | 58 | 79 | 93 |
| Individual substance abuse counseling | 42 | 57 | 70 | 55 | 53 | 60 | 70 | 56 | 53 | 67 | 53 | 51 |
| Tobacco prevention in class | 45 | 59 | 57 | 54 | 51 | 54 | 52 | 57 | 41 | 56 | 51 | 62 |
| Policies (%) | ||||||||||||
| Parental consent every visit | 18 | 10 | 8 | 13 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 17 | 12 | 24 |
| Bill third party | 75 | 78 | 71 | 76 | 69 | 75 | 71 | 82 | 85 | 51 | 64 | 76 |
| Chart audits | 84 | 89 | 88 | 82 | 83 | 93 | 91 | 90 | 89 | 71 | 87 | 88 |
| Patient survey | 66 | 73 | 76 | 64 | 73 | 72 | 77 | 70 | 80 | 59 | 70 | 68 |
| Acceptance of SBHC (%) | ||||||||||||
| Students enrolled | 70 | 68 | 60 | 52 | 66 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 68 | 55 | 64 | 66 |
| Students visited at least once | 63 | 58 | 50 | 62 | 55 | 53 | 48 | 64 | 50 | 60 | 46 | 90 |
| Source: National Assembly on School-Based Health Care, Creating Access to Care for Children and Youth: School- Based Health Center Census 1998-1999, June 2000, retrieved June 25, 2002, from http://www.nasbhc.org/. | ||||||||||||
U.S.Human Genome Project Funding
| Millions of dollars. These numbers do not include construction funds, which are a very small part of the budget. The Human Genome Project is sometimes reported to have a cost of $3 billion. However, this figure refers to the total projected funding over a 15-year period (1990-2005) for a wide range of scientific activities related to genomics. The Department of Energy (DOE) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) genome programs set aside 3% to 5% of their respective total annual budgets for the study of the project's ethical, legal, and social issues. For an explanation of the NIH budget, contact the Office of Human Genome Communications, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; 301-402-0911. | |||
| FY | DOE | NIH | U.S.Total |
| 1988 | 10.7 | 17.2 | 27.9 |
| 1989 | 18.5 | 28.2 | 46.7 |
| 1990 | 27.2 | 59.5 | 86.7 |
| 1991 | 47.4 | 87.4 | 134.8 |
| 1992 | 59.4 | 104.8 | 164.2 |
| 1993 | 63.0 | 106.1 | 169.1 |
| 1994 | 63.3 | 127.0 | 190.3 |
| 1995 | 68.7 | 153.8 | 222.5 |
| 1996 | 73.9 | 169.3 | 243.2 |
| 1997 | 77.9 | 188.9 | 266.8 |
| 1998 | 85.5 | 218.3 | 303.8 |
| [Continued] | |||
U.S. Human Genome Project Funding [Continued]
| FY | DOE | NIH | U.S.Total |
| 1999 | 89.9 | 225.7 | 315.6 |
| 2000 | 88.9 | 271.7 | 360.6 |
| 2001 | 86.4 | 308.4 | 394.8 |
| 2002 | 87.8 | 346.7 | 434.3 |
| Total | 948.5 | 2,413.0 | 3,361.3 |
| Source: Human Genome ProjectBudget, retrieved June 26, 2002, from http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/project/budget.html. | |||
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