Trends in Postsecondary Education: Data Presentation

Institutions of Higher Education-Charges: 1985 to 2000

In dollars. Estimated. For the entire academic year ending in year shown. Figures are average charges per full-time equivalent student. Room and board are based on full-time students.
Institutions	Tuition and Required Fees 1				Board Rates 2				Dormitory Charges
	All Colleges	2-Year Colleges	4-Year Schools	Other 4-Year Academic Control and Year	All Colleges	2-Year Colleges	4-Year Schools	Other 4-Year Institutions	All Colleges	2-Year Colleges	4-Year Schools	Other 4-Year Institutions
Public:
1985	971	584	1,386	1,117	1,241	1,302	1,276	1,201	1,196	921	1,237	1,200
1990	1,356	756	2,035	1,608	1,635	1,581	1,728	1,561	1,513	962	1,561	1,554
1994	1,942	1,125	2,820	2,360	1,880	1,681	1,993	1,828	1,873	1,190	1,897	1,958
1995	2,057	1,192	2,977	2,499	1,949	1,712	2,108	1,866	1,959	1,232	1,992	2,044
1996	2,179	1,239	3,151	2,660	2,020	1,681	2,192	1,937	2,057	1,297	2,104	2,133
1997	2,271	1,276	3,323	2,778	2,111	1,789	2,282	2,025	2,148	1,339	2,187	2,232
1998	2,360	1,314	3,486	2,877	2,228	1,795	2,438	2,130	2,225	1,401	2,285	2,312
1999	2,427	1,323	3,645	2,974	2,346	1,828	2,576	2,245	2,328	1,450	2,408	2,407
2000	2,507	1,336	3,774	3,090	2,361	1,844	2,624	2,234	2,434	1,542	2,514	2,512
Private:
1985	5,315	3,485	6,843	5,135	1,462	1,294	1,647	1,405	1,426	1,424	1,753	1,309
1990	8,174	5,196	10,348	7,778	1,948	1,811	2,339	1,823	1,923	1,663	2,411	1,774
1994	10,572	6,370	13,874	10,100	2,434	1,970	2,946	2,278	2,490	2,067	3,277	2,261
1995	11,111	6,914	14,537	10,653	2,509	2,023	3,035	2,362	2,587	2,233	3,469	2,347
1996	11,864	7,094	15,605	11,297	2,606	2,098	3,218	2,429	2,738	2,371	3,680	2,473
1997	12,498	7,236	16,552	11,871	2,663	2,181	3,142	2,520	2,878	2,537	3,826	2,602
1998	12,801	7,464	17,229	12,338	2,762	2,785	3,132	2,648	2,954	2,672	3,756	2,731
1999	13,368	7,852	18,226	12,809	2,865	2,884	3,188	2,765	3,074	2,581	3,914	2,849
2000	14,175	8,107	19,312	13,467	2,882	2,922	3,157	2,791	3,219	2,739	4,063	2,973
Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, Table 278, Institutions of Higher Education-Charges: 1985 to 2000. Notes: 1. For in-state students. 2. Beginning 1990, rates reflect 20 meals per week, rather than meals served 7 days a week.

Perceptions of College Costs: Percentage Distribution of Tuition and Fees Charged at Public 4-Year Institutions and Estimates Reported by 6th-to 12th-Graders and Their Parents: 1999

	Actual Tuition/Fees 1998-99 ($)	6th-to 12th-Graders' Estimates ($)	6th-to 12th-Graders' Parents' Estimates ($)
Less than $2,000	10	11	6
$2,000-2999	39	13	19
$3,000-3,999	26	13	10
$4,000-4,999	19	10	12
$5,000-7,999	6	27	25
$8,000 or more	0	27	28
Average	3,243	5,664	5,970
Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, The Condition of Education 2001 in Brief, John Wirt and Andrea Livingston; Primary source: NCES National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES), 1999 (Parent and Youth Interview Surveys).

Total Costs/Expenses Borne by Students and Families, U.S. Colleges and Universities: 1998-99

	Public ($)		Private ($)
	High Expense	Low Expense	High Expense	Low Expense
Tuition and Required Fees	4,000	1,200	20,000	10,000
Other Educational Expenses	850	700	900	900
Room and Board	5,650	1,800	6,600	5,600
Transportation/Other	1,500	2,000	1,500	1,500
Total	12,000	6,000	29,000	18,000
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Study of College Costs and Prices, 1988-89 to 1997-96, Volume 2:Commissioned Papers, NCES 2002 158; primary source:estimates by D. Bruce Johnstone (author), retrieved 3/1/02 from www.nces.gov.

Federal Student Financial Assistance: 1995 to 2001

35,450 represents $35,450,000,000. For award years July 1 of year shown to the following June 30. Funds utilized exclude operating costs, etc., and represent funds given to students. NA Not available. X Not applicable.
Award Year Impact Data	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001, est.
FUNDS UTILIZED ($ mil.)
Total	35,450	38,849	40,074	43,072	43,469	46,933	NA
Federal Pell Grants	5,445	5,764	6,331	7,233	7,191	7,883	9,095
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant	764	762	811	855	784	799	875
Federal Work-Study	764	776	906	913	1,044	1,123	1,216
Federal Perkins Loan	1,029	1,022	1,062	1,070	1,058	1,058	1,058
Federal Direct Student Loan (FDSL)	8,296	9,796	9,873	10,933	10,972	10,960	NA
Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL)	19,152	20,729	21,091	22,068	22,420	25,110	NA
NUMBER OF AWARDS (000)
Total	13,667	14,516	14,652	15,187	15,257	15,822	NA

[Continued]

Federal Student Financial Assistance: 1995 to 2001 [Continued]

Award Year Impact Data	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001, est.
Federal Pell Grants	3,612	3,666	3,733	3,855	3,759	3,832	3,937
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant	1,083	1,191	1,116	1,163	1,118	1,139	1,203
Federal Work-Study	702	691	746	744	930	1,000	1,000
Federal Perkins Loan	688	674	679	669	698	698	676
Federal Direct Student Loan (FDSL)	2,339	2,762	2,775	3,017	3,026	2,915	NA
Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL)	5,243	5,531	5,603	5,739	5,726	6,238	NA
AVERAGE AWARD ($)
Total	2,594	2,676	2,735	2,836	2,849	2,966	NA
Federal Pell Grants	1,507	1,572	1,696	1,876	1,913	2,057	2,310
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant	706	640	727	735	701	701	727
Federal Work-Study	1,087	1,123	1,215	1,228	1,123	1,123	1,215
Federal Perkins Loan	1,497	1,516	1,564	1,600	1,516	1,516	1,565
Federal Direct Student Loan (FDSL)	3,548	3,547	3,558	3,624	3,626	3,760	NA
Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL)	3,653	3,748	3,764	3,845	3,916	4,025	NA
COHORT DEFAULT RATE1
Federal Perkins Loan	12.6	13	3,764	12.5	11.5	X	X
FFEL/FDSL Combined Rates	10.4	9.6	8.8	6.9	X	X	X
Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, Table 276. Primary source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, unpublished data. Notes: 1. As of June 30. Represents the percent of borrowers entering repayment status in year shown who defaulted in the following year.

Enrollment and Tuition Costs in Medical School, 1987-2000

School Year	Degrees Conferred	Enrollment	Actual Dollars		Constant 2000 Dollars
			Undergraduate Tuition & Fees Per Year	Medical School Tuition & Fees Per Year	Undergraduate Tuition & Fees Per Year	Medical School Tuition & Fees Per Year
1987-1988	15,358	-	3,201	9,034	4,677	13,200
1988-1989	15,460	-	3,472	9,439	4,873	13,248
1989-1990	15,075	-	3,800	10,597	5,089	14,193
1990-1991	15,043	-	4,009	10,571	5,094	13,432
1991-1992	15,243	-	4,385	11,646	5,347	14,202
1992-1993	15,531	65,575	4,752	12,265	5,626	14,521
1993-1994	15,368	66,175	5,119	13,074	5,884	15,028
1994-1995	15,537	66,788	5,391	13,834	6,040	15,499
1995-1996	15,341	66,942	5,786	14,860	6,324	16,242
1996-1997	15,571	66,926	6,118	15,481	6,492	16,428
1997-1998	15,424	66,896	6,351	16,075	6,627	16,773
1998-1999	15,562	66,539	6,723	17,011	6,905	17,470
1999-2000	15,286	66,377	7,044	17,627	7,044	17,627
Source: National Center for Education Statistics. U.S. Department of Education. Digest of Education Statistics, 2001.Association of American Medical Colleges. "Total Enrollment by Gender and Race/Ethnicity, 1992-2001." Retrieved August 12, 2002 from http://www.aamc.org/data/facts/famg82001.htm. "The Inflation Calculator." Retrieved August 13, 2002 from http://www.westegg.com/inflation.

Percentage Distribution of General Education Revenues of Higher Education Institutions Per Full-Time-Equivalent (FTE) Student, by Revenue Source and Control and Type of Institution: Academic Years Ending 1977-96

Federally supported student aid received through students (e.g., Federal Student Loan Programs) is included under tuition and fees. Data for academic years 1976-77 through 1985-86 include only institutions that provided both enrollment and finance data. FTE students include both undergraduate and graduate students. Details may not add to 100 due to rounding.
Academic Year Ending	Total	Tuition and Fees	Federal Appropriation	State/Local Appropriation	Federal Grant/Contract	State/Local Grant/Contract	Private Gifts	Endowment	Sales/Service of Educational Activities
Private, Not-for-Profit Universities
1978	100	40.3	2.2	1.8	27.7	2.5	12.9	8.0	4.6
1978	100	40.6	2.0	1.6	27.4	2.2	13.4	7.7	5.1
1979	100	40.8	2.0	1.5	27.4	2.2	12.9	8.2	4.9
1980	100	40.1	1.9	1.4	27.8	2.6	12.4	8.3	5.4
1981	100	40.8	1.8	1.5	27.4	2.1	12.8	8.4	5.2
1982	100	42.5	1.7	1.4	25.6	1.9	12.7	8.7	5.3
1983	100	45.0	1.8	1.4	23.2	2.2	12.9	7.7	5.7
1984	100	44.2	1.6	1.3	22.8	2.2	13.4	8.4	6.1
1985	100	44.4	1.5	1.2	22.8	2.1	13.5	8.7	5.7
1986	100	44.2	1.4	1.2	23.2	2.2	13.6	8.6	5.7
1987	100	43.8	1.1	1.1	23.9	2.8	13.3	8.2	5.7
1988	100	44.0	1.1	1.0	22.3	3.6	13.5	8.5	6.0
1989	100	44.0	1.1	0.9	21.9	3.7	13.2	8.6	6.5
1990	100	43.9	1.1	0.9	21.9	3.7	13.4	8.6	6.4
1991	100	45.1	0.9	0.8	21.1	3.2	13.6	8.5	6.8
1992	100	45.2	0.9	0.5	21.0	3.4	13.5	8.1	7.4
1993	100	44.9	0.8	0.4	21.0	3.4	14.0	8.1	7.4
1994	100	45.1	0.8	0.4	21.5	2.6	14.1	7.9	7.6
1995	100	45.2	0.7	0.4	21.1	2.7	14.0	8.1	7.8
1996	100	45.4	0.7	0.4	20.8	2.4	14.2	8.7	7.4
Public Universities
1977	100	16.4	2.9	52.4	17.0	2.1	4.7	0.7	3.7
1978	100	16.3	3.0	52.5	16.7	2.1	4.8	1.0	3.5
1979	100	15.9	3.0	52.1	16.9	2.3	4.7	1.0	4.0
1980	100	15.9	2.6	51.8	17.4	2.1	5.0	1.1	4.1
1981	100	16.4	2.3	51.3	17.3	2.3	5.0	1.1	4.3
1982	100	17.6	2.1	51.4	15.8	2.2	5.3	1.1	4.4
1983	100	19.0	2.0	50.3	15.0	2.1	5.9	1.2	4.5
1984	100	19.1	2.0	50.6	14.9	1.9	5.8	1.3	4.4
1985	100	18.3	2.1	51.2	14.8	2.0	5.9	1.3	4.4
1986	100	18.6	2.1	50.5	14.8	2.0	6.2	1.4	4.4
1987	100	19.5	1.9	49.3	15.0	2.4	6.4	1.0	4.5
1988	100	19.8	1.5	48.7	15.4	2.4	6.6	1.0	4.5
1989	100	20.0	1.5	47.7	15.6	2.6	7.0	1.0	4.6
1990	100	20.4	1.4	46.8	15.6	2.9	7.4	1.0	4.6
1991	100	21.1	1.4	45.6	16.0	3.0	7.2	1.1	4.8
1992	100	22.3	1.3	43.0	16.7	2.8	7.5	1.2	5.0
1993	100	23.3	1.3	41.3	17.2	2.7	7.7	1.3	5.1
1994	100	23.8	1.3	40.4	17.7	3.0	7.7	1.2	4.8
1995	100	24.0	1.2	40.3	17.7	3.1	7.6	1.3	4.9
1996	100	24.6	1.1	39.6	17.2	3.2	7.9	1.4	4.9
Private, Not-for-Profit 4-Year Colleges
1977	100	61.7	0.9	2.1	10.8	2.0	15.6	5.8	1.0
1978	100	62.5	1.0	2.0	10.5	2.0	15.2	5.8	1.0
1979	100	62.2	1.0	1.9	11.0	2.0	14.7	6.2	1.0
1980	100	61.0	1.0	1.9	11.5	2.3	14.5	6.6	1.1
1981	100	61.6	1.1	1.9	10.7	2.3	14.3	6.9	1.2
1982	100	63.0	0.8	1.7	9.2	2.3	14.2	7.6	1.0
1983	100	64.6	0.6	1.7	7.7	2.4	14.4	7.5	1.0
1984	100	65.0	0.5	1.7	7.7	2.4	14.2	7.4	1.1
1985	100	64.8	0.5	1.6	7.7	2.5	14.3	7.5	1.0
1986	100	64.9	0.5	1.6	7.8	2.6	14.1	7.4	1.1
1987	100	65.2	0.6	1.6	7.4	2.9	14.1	7.2	1.1
1988	100	65.5	0.5	1.6	7.4	3.1	13.4	7.3	1.1
1989	100	66.0	0.4	1.4	7.1	3.6	13.0	7.5	1.1
1990	100	66.9	0.4	1.2	7.1	3.8	12.4	7.3	1.0
1991	100	68.1	0.4	1.1	6.8	3.5	12.1	7.1	0.9

[Continued]

Percentage Distribution of General Education Revenues of Higher Education Institutions Per Full-Time-Equivalent (FTE) Student, by Revenue Source and Control and Type of Institution: Academic Years Ending 1977-96 [Continued]

Academic Year Ending	Total	Tuition and Fees	Federal Appropriation	State/Local Appropriation	Federal Grant/Contract	State/Local Grant/Contract	Private Gifts	Endowment	Sales/Service of Educational Activities
1992	100	68.9	0.4	0.8	7.0	4.1	11.5	6.5	0.9
1993	100	69.2	0.3	0.7	7.1	3.8	11.3	6.1	1.5
1994	100	69.6	0.2	0.7	7.0	4.0	11.2	5.8	1.5
1995	100	69.9	0.2	0.5	7.2	3.7	11.6	5.9	1.0
1996	100	68.9	0.2	0.5	6.6	3.7	12.5	6.5	1.0
Public 4-Year Colleges
1977	100	16.4	4.9	60.7	11.6	2.1	2.4	0.3	1.7
1978	100	16.0	4.9	61.4	10.9	2.2	2.5	0.2	1.8
1979	100	15.2	4.9	61.6	11.2	2.3	2.5	0.3	1.9
1980	100	14.9	5.0	61.5	11.3	2.2	2.6	0.3	2.1
1981	100	15.4	5.3	60.8	10.9	2.2	2.7	0.4	2.3
1982	100	16.1	4.7	61.5	9.7	2.1	2.9	0.4	2.5
1983	100	17.0	4.8	61.2	8.7	2.1	3.2	0.4	2.5
1984	100	18.2	4.7	59.8	8.5	2.3	3.3	0.4	2.7
1985	100	17.6	4.6	60.7	8.3	2.1	3.4	0.4	2.8
1986	100	17.7	4.3	60.0	8.4	2.6	3.6	0.4	3.0
1987	100	18.0	4.3	58.8	8.4	3.0	3.8	0.5	3.3
1988	100	18.4	4.3	58.4	8.3	2.9	3.7	0.5	3.5
1989	100	19.2	2.8	58.1	8.6	3.0	4.1	0.6	3.7
1990	100	19.7	4.2	55.6	8.6	3.2	4.3	0.6	3.8
1991	100	20.7	3.8	53.8	8.9	3.4	4.8	0.3	4.2
1992	100	22.3	3.6	51.3	9.4	3.7	4.9	0.6	4.2
1993	100	23.8	3.4	48.9	9.8	4.0	4.9	0.7	4.4
1994	100	24.4	3.6	47.6	10.1	4.2	5.0	0.6	4.6
1995	100	24.1	3.4	46.9	10.4	4.9	5.0	0.6	4.7
1996	100	24.8	3.5	45.9	10.7	5.5	5.1	0.4	4.1
Public 2-Year Colleges
1977	100	16.8	2.0	72.5	5.8	2.0	0.5	0.1	0.4
1978	100	16.1	1.8	73.3	5.5	2.3	0.5	0.1	0.4
1979	100	15.8	1.9	72.7	6.0	2.5	0.5	0.1	0.5
1980	100	16.1	1.3	72.6	6.3	2.6	0.5	0.1	0.5
1981	100	16.8	1.2	71.7	6.3	2.8	0.5	0.1	0.6
1982	100	18.0	1.1	71.7	5.2	2.9	0.5	0.1	0.5
1983	100	19.3	0.8	71.4	4.3	2.9	0.6	0.1	0.5
1984	100	19.5	0.9	71.0	4.4	2.9	0.6	0.1	0.5
1985	100	19.1	0.7	70.9	4.6	3.4	0.6	0.1	0.5
1986	100	18.6	0.6	71.4	4.5	3.7	0.6	0.1	0.6
1987	100	18.5	0.7	70.4	4.1	4.8	0.6	0.1	0.6
1988	100	18.7	0.7	70.5	4.1	4.7	0.7	0.1	0.5
1989	100	19.1	0.7	68.7	4.2	6.0	0.8	0.1	0.5
1990	100	19.6	0.7	67.7	4.2	6.3	0.9	0.1	0.5
1991	100	20.4	0.7	67.4	4.2	5.7	0.9	0.1	0.5
1992	100	22.1	0.8	65.2	4.5	5.8	1.0	0.1	0.5
1993	100	23.4	0.6	63.7	5.0	5.4	1.0	0.1	0.7
1994	100	23.8	0.6	63.0	5.3	5.4	1.0	0.1	0.8
1995	100	23.4	0.5	63.0	5.5	5.7	1.1	0.1	0.7
1996	100	23.2	0.4	61.5	5.6	7.4	1.1	0.1	0.7
Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, The Condition of Education 1999, Table 39-1; Primary source: NCES Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Institutional Characteristics, Financial Statistics, and Fall Enrollment surveys.

Educational and General Expenditures of Institutions of Higher Education Per Full-Time-Equivalent (FTE) Student (in Constant 1995-96 Dollars), by Expenditure Categories and Control and Type of Institution: Academic Years Ending 1981-96

	Public Sector				Private Sector
	University		Other 4-Year Colleges		University		Other 4-Year Colleges
	E&G Spending per Student	Avg. Annual % Increase Previous 5 Years	E&G Spending per Student	Avg. Annual % Increase Previous 5 Years	E&G Spending per Student	Avg. Annual % Increase Previous 5 Years	E&G Spending per Student	Avg. Annual % Increase Previous 5 Years
1995-96	$19,700	1.6	$13,403	2.2	$37,200	2.6	$17,177	2.3
1990-91	18,237	1.6	12,102	0.3	32,945	3.5	15,417	2.7
1985-86	16,868	1.9	12,283	1.4	27,983	3.3	13,605	2.9
1980-81	15,391	0.4	11,482	1.0	24,040	1.1	11,876	0.7
Source: U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Study of College Costs and Prices, 1988-89 to 1997-98, Volume 2: Commissioned Papers, NCES 2002-158, by Alisa F. Cunningham, Jane V. Wellman, Melissa E. Clinedinst, and Jamie P. Merisotis. Project Officer: C. Dennis Carroll. Washington, DC: 2001, p23; primary source: NCES, 1999, Condition of Education 1999, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Supplemental Table 40-2; retrieved 3/12/02 from http://nces.ed.gov.

Earned Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting Institutions, by Level of Degree and Sex of Student: 1970-71 to 2009-10

	Associate's Degrees			Bachelor's Degrees			Master's Degrees
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
1970-71	292,014	166,227	125,787	839,730	475,594	364,136	251,633	149,550	102,083
1971-72	316,174	175,413	140,761	887,273	500,590	386,683	263,371	154,468	108,903
1972-73	343,924	188,591	155,333	922,362	518,191	404,171	277,033	157,842	119,191
1973-74	360,171	191,017	169,154	945,776	527,313	418,463	292,450	161,570	130,880
1974-75	391,454	209,996	181,458	922,933	504,841	418,092	311,771	167,248	144,523
1975-76	406,377	210,842	195,535	925,746	504,925	420,821	317,164	167,783	149,381
1976-77	412,246	204,718	207,528	919,549	495,545	424,004	311,620	161,212	150,408
1977-78	402,702	192,091	210,611	921,204	487,347	433,857	301,079	153,370	147,709
1978-79	400,910	183,737	217,173	921,390	477,344	444,046	298,081	150,749	147,332
1979-80	416,377	188,638	227,739	929,417	473,611	455,806	295,739	147,043	148,696
1980-81	434,526	196,944	237,582	935,140	469,883	465,257	295,546	145,532	150,014
1981-82	449,620	203,991	245,629	952,998	473,364	479,634	289,921	144,697	145,224
1982-83	452,240	202,704	249,536	969,510	479,140	490,370	284,263	143,595	140,668
1983-84	454,712	202,932	251,780	974,309	482,319	491,990	286,251	143,390	142,861
1984-85	446,047	196,166	249,881	979,477	482,528	496,949	288,567	143,508	145,059
1985-86	436,304	190,839	245,465	987,823	485,923	501,900	289,349	141,269	148,080
1986-87	435,085	190,047	245,038	991,264	480,782	510,482	299,317	145,163	154,154
1987-88	436,764	186,316	250,448	994,829	477,203	517,626	310,621	149,354	161,267
1988-89	455,102	191,195	263,907	1,018,755	483,346	535,409	324,301	153,653	170,648
1989-90	481,720	198,634	283,086	1,051,344	491,696	559,648	337,168	156,482	180,686
1990-91	504,231	207,481	296,750	1,094,538	504,045	590,493	352,838	161,842	190,996
1991-92	514,756	211,964	302,792	1,136,553	520,811	615,742	369,585	169,258	200,327
1992-93	530,632	215,261	315,371	1,165,178	532,811	632,297	387,070	176,085	210,985
1993-94	539,691	218,352	321,339	1,169,275	532,422	636,853	397,629	178,598	219,031
1994-95	555,216	219,514	335,702	1,160,134	526,131	634,003	406,301	179,081	227,220
1995-96	571,226	223,948	347,278	1,164,792	522,454	642,338	419,401	180,947	238,454
1996-97	558,555	217,613	340,942	1,172,879	520,515	652,364	430,164	184,375	245,789
1997-98	561,000	218,000	343,000	1,184,406	519,956	664,450	405,000	172,000	233,000
1998-99	559,000	216,000	342,000	1,200,303	518,746	681,557	398,000	168,000	230,000
1999-00	569,000	215,000	354,000	1,237,875	530,367	707,508	396,000	166,000	230,000

[Continued]

Earned Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting Institutions, by Level of Degree and Sex of Student: 1970-71 to 2009-10 [Continued]

	Associate's Degrees			Bachelor's Degrees			Master's Degrees
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
2000-01	571,000	216,000	355,000	1,209,000	524,000	685,000	396,000	165,000	231,000
2001-02	577,000	217,000	359,000	1,227,000	529,000	698,000	399,000	165,000	233,000
2002-03	581,000	218,000	363,000	1,241,000	527,000	714,000	402,000	166,000	236,000
2003-04	583,000	218,000	364,000	1,251,000	535,000	716,000	406,000	167,000	239,000
2004-05	587,000	219,000	367,000	1,275,000	538,000	737,000	411,000	168,000	243,000
2005-06	591,000	220,000	371,000	1,294,000	544,000	750,000	417,000	169,000	248,000
2006-07	596,000	221,000	374,000	1,318,000	549,000	769,000	425,000	171,000	254,000
2007-08	603,000	223,000	380,000	1,337,000	553,000	784,000	432,000	173,000	260,000
2008-09	611,000	224,000	387,000	1,355,000	558,000	797,000	439,000	175,000	264,000
Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, Earned Degrees Conferred; Projections of Education Statistics to 2010; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions survey.

Earned Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting Institutions, by Level of Degree and Sex of Student: 1970-71 to 2009-10

	First-Professional Degrees			Doctor's Degrees
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
1970-71	43,411	40,723	2,688	33,363	28,090	5,273
1971-72	50,018	46,489	3,529	34,777	28,571	6,206
1972-73	53,816	48,530	5,286	33,816	27,365	6,451
1973-74	55,916	48,956	6,960	34,083	26,817	7,266
1974-75	62,649	52,892	9,757	34,064	26,267	7,797
1975-76	64,359	52,374	11,985	33,232	25,142	8,090
1976-77	66,581	52,270	14,311	32,131	23,658	8,473
1977-78	68,848	52,652	16,196	32,730	23,541	9,189
1978-79	70,131	52,716	17,415	32,615	22,943	9,672
1979-80	71,956	52,792	19,164	32,958	22,711	10,247
1980-81	72,032	52,223	19,809	32,707	22,224	10,483
1981-82	73,054	51,250	21,804	32,775	21,902	10,873
1982-83	74,468	51,378	23,090	33,209	22,064	11,145
1983-84	75,063	50,455	24,608	32,943	21,700	11,243
1984-85	73,910	49,261	24,649	33,653	21,819	11,834
1985-86	71,617	46,523	25,094	34,041	22,061	11,980
1986-87	70,735	45,484	25,251	34,870	22,615	12,255
1987-88	70,856	45,046	25,810	35,720	22,648	13,072
1988-89	70,988	43,961	27,027	38,371	24,401	13,970
1989-90	71,948	43,846	28,102	39,294	24,756	14,538
1990-91	74,146	45,071	29,075	40,659	25,557	15,102
1991-92	75,387	45,153	30,234	42,132	26,073	16,059
1992-93	75,418	44,707	30,711	43,185	26,552	16,633
1993-94	75,800	44,853	30,947	44,446	26,916	17,530
1994-95	76,734	44,748	31,986	44,652	26,841	17,811
1995-96	78,730	45,564	33,166	45,876	27,146	18,730

[Continued]

Earned Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting Institutions, by Level of Degree and Sex of Student: 1970-71 to 2009-10 [Continued]

	First-Professional Degrees			Doctor's Degrees
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
1996-97	78,598	44,911	33,687	46,010	26,664	19,346
1997-98	80,300	45,600	34,700	45,900	27,300	18,600
1998-99	78,400	44,700	33,600	45,200	26,700	18,500
1999-2000	76,500	43,200	33,300	45,000	26,500	18,500
2000-01	75,400	42,100	33,300	44,900	26,400	18,500
2001-02	75,200	41,600	33,600	45,000	26,400	18,600
2002-03	75,400	41,500	33,900	45,100	26,400	18,700
2003-04	75,900	41,500	34,400	45,300	26,500	18,800
2004-05	76,700	41,800	35,000	45,600	26,600	19,000
2005-06	77,700	42,100	35,600	46,000	26,700	19,300
2006-07	78,700	42,300	36,400	46,400	26,800	19,600
2007-08	80,100	42,700	37,400	46,800	27,000	19,800
2008-09	81,600	43,200	38,400	47,100	27,100	20,000
Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, Earned Degrees Conferred; Projections of Education Statistics to 2010; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions survey.

Bachelor's Degrees Conferred by Institutions of Higher Education, by Racial/Ethnic Group and Sex of Student: 1976-77 to 1995-96

For years 1984-85 to 1995-96, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0. Data exclude men and women whose racial/ethnic characteristics were not ascertainable.
	Number of Degrees Conferred
	Total	White, non-Hispanic	Black, non-Hispanic	Hispanic	Asian/Pacific Islander	American Indian/Alask. Native	Non-Resident Alien
1976-77	917,900	807,688	58,636	18,743	13,793	3,326	15,714
1978-79	919,540	802,542	60,246	20,096	15,407	3,410	17,839
1980-81	934,800	807,319	60,673	21,832	18,794	3,593	22,589
1984-85	968,311	826,106	57,473	25,874	25,395	4,246	29,217
1986-87	991,264	841,818	56,560	26,988	32,624	3,968	29,306
1988-89	1,016,350	859,703	58,078	29,918	37,674	3,951	27,026
1989-90	1,048,631	884,376	61,063	32,844	39,248	4,392	26,708
1990-91	1,081,280	904,062	65,341	36,612	41,618	4,513	29,134
1991-92	1,129,833	936,771	72,326	40,761	46,720	5,176	28,079
1992-93	1,159,931	947,309	77,872	45,376	51,463	5,671	32,240
1993-94	1,165,973	936,227	83,576	50,241	55,660	6,189	34,080
1994-95	1,158,788	913,377	87,203	54,201	60,478	6,606	36,923
1995-96	1,163,036	904,709	91,166	58,288	64,359	6,970	37,544

[Continued]

Bachelor's Degrees Conferred by Institutions of Higher Education, by Racial/Ethnic Group and Sex of Student: 1976-77 to 1995-96 [Continued]

	Number of Degrees Conferred
	Total	White, non-Hispanic	Black, non-Hispanic	Hispanic	Asian/Pacific Islander	American Indian/Alask. Native	Non-Resident Alien
Men
1976-77	494,424	438,161	25,147	10,318	7,638	1,804	11,356
1978-79	476,065	418,215	24,659	10,418	8,261	1,736	12,776
1980-81	469,625	406,173	24,511	10,810	10,107	1,700	16,324
1984-85	476,148	405,085	23,018	12,402	13,554	1,998	20,091
1986-87	480,782	406,749	22,501	12,865	17,253	1,817	19,597
1988-89	481,946	407,154	22,370	13,950	19,260	1,730	17,482
1989-90	490,317	413,573	23,262	14,941	19,721	1,859	16,961
1990-91	496,424	415,505	24,328	16,158	20,678	1,901	17,854
1991-92	516,976	429,842	26,956	17,976	23,248	2,182	16,772
1992-93	530,541	435,084	28,883	19,865	25,293	2,449	18,967
1993-94	530,804	429,121	30,648	21,807	26,938	2,616	19,674
1994-95	525,174	417,006	31,775	23,600	28,973	2,736	21,084
1995-96	521,439	408,829	32,852	24,994	30,630	2,885	21,249
Women
1976-77	423,476	369,527	33,489	8,425	6,155	1,522	4,358
1978-79	443,475	384,327	35,587	9,678	7,146	1,674	5,063
1980-81	465,175	401,146	36,162	11,022	8,687	1,893	6,265
1984-85	492,163	421,021	34,455	13,472	11,841	2,248	9,126
1986-87	510,482	435,069	34,059	14,123	15,371	2,151	9,709
1988-8	534,404	452,549	35,708	15,968	18,414	2,221	9,544
1989-90	558,314	470,803	37,801	17,903	19,527	2,533	9,747
1990-91	584,856	488,557	41,013	20,454	20,940	2,612	11,280
1991-92	612,857	506,929	45,370	22,785	23,472	2,994	11,307
1992-93	629,390	512,225	48,989	25,511	26,170	3,222	13,273
1993-94	635,169	507,106	52,928	28,434	28,722	3,573	14,406
1994-95	633,614	496,371	55,428	30,601	31,505	3,870	15,839
1995-96	641,597	495,880	58,314	33,294	33,729	4,085	16,295
Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions surveys.

Doctor's Degrees Conferred by Institutions of Higher Education, by Racial/Ethnic Group and Sex of Student: 1976-77 to 1996-97

For years 1984-85 to 1996-97, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0. Data exclude men and women whose racial/ethnic characteristics were not ascertainable.
	Number of Degrees Conferred
	Total	White, non-Hispanic	Black, non-Hispanic	Hispanic	Asian/Pacific Islander	American Indian/Alask. Native	Non-Resident Alien
1976-77	33,126	26,851	1,253	522	658	95	3,747
1978-79	32,675	26,138	1,268	439	811	104	3,915
1980-81	32,839	25,908	1,265	456	877	130	4,203
1984-85	32,307	23,934	1,154	677	1,106	119	5,317
1986-87	34,041	24,434	1,057	751	1,098	105	6,596
1988-89	35,659	24,884	1,066	629	1,323	85	7,672
1989-90	38,113	25,880	1,153	788	1,235	99	8,958
1990-91	38,547	25,328	1,211	732	1,459	102	9,715
1991-92	40,090	25,813	1,223	811	1,559	118	10,566
1992-93	42,021	26,700	1,352	827	1,582	106	11,454
1993-94	43,149	27,156	1,393	903	2,025	134	11,538
1994-95	44,427	27,826	1,667	984	2,690	130	11,130
1995-96	44,645	27,756	1,636	999	2,646	158	11,450
1996-97	45,394	28,344	1,847	1,098	2,607	173	11,325
Men
1976-77	25,036	20,032	766	383	540	67	3,248
1978-79	23,488	18,433	734	294	646	69	3,312
1980-81	22,595	17,310	694	277	655	95	3,564
1984-85	21,296	15,017	561	431	802	64	4,421
1986-87	22,061	14,812	485	441	794	57	5,472
1988-89	22,597	14,541	491	350	945	50	6,220
1989-90	24,248	15,105	533	423	871	49	7,267
1990-91	24,333	14,565	581	387	987	58	7,755
1991-92	25,168	14,674	576	458	1,062	65	8,333
1992-93	25,980	14,902	615	439	1,041	51	8,932
1993-94	26,531	15,126	631	465	1,373	66	8,870
1994-95	26,898	15,354	731	488	1,758	58	8,509
1995-96	26,836	15,101	730	516	1,693	80	8,716
1996-97	26,826	15,339	786	572	1,606	86	8,437
Women
1976-77	8,090	6,819	487	139	118	28	499
1978-79	9,187	7,705	534	145	165	35	603
1980-81	10,244	8,598	571	179	222	35	639
1984-85	11,011	8,917	593	246	304	55	896
1986-87	11,980	9,622	572	310	304	48	1,124
1988-89	13,062	10,343	575	279	378	35	1,452
1989-90	13,865	10,775	620	365	364	50	1,691
1990-91	14,214	10,763	630	345	472	44	1,960
1991-92	14,922	11,139	647	353	497	53	2,233
1992-93	16,041	11,798	737	388	541	55	2,522

[Continued]

Doctor's Degrees Conferred by Institutions of Higher Education, by Racial/Ethnic Group and Sex of Student: 1976-77 to 1996-97 [Continued]

	Number of Degrees Conferred
	Total	White, non-Hispanic	Black, non-Hispanic	Hispanic	Asian/Pacific Islander	American Indian/Alask. Native	Non-Resident Alien
1993-94	16,618	12,030	762	438	652	68	2,668
1994-95	17,529	12,472	936	496	932	72	2,621
1995-96	17,809	12,655	906	483	953	78	2,734
1996-97	18,568	13,005	1,061	526	1,001	87	2,888
Source: U.S. Department of Education, NCES, "Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of student: 1976-77 to 1996-97"; primary source, U.S. Department of Education, NCES, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions surveys; retrieved 3/27/02 from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000.

Total Number of Students Formally Enrolled in Distance Education Courses, by Selected Institutional Characteristics: 1995 and 1997

Type of institution	1995	1997
Total1	753,640	1,661,100
Public, 2-year	414,160	714,160
Public, 4-year	234,020	711,350
Private, 4-year	104,960	222,350
Less than 3,000 students	116,320	382,060
3,000 to 9,999	232,750	477,470
10,000 or more	404,570	801,570
Source: NCES, Distance Education at Postsecondary Education Institutions, December 1999, NCES 2000-013; NCES, Post-secondary Education Quick Information System, Distance Education in Higher Education Institutions, 1997. Notes: 1. Includes private 2-year institutions, not reported separately. Too few offered distance education to make a reliable estimate.

Mean Earnings of Workers 18 Years Old and Over, by Educational Attainment and Sex: 1975 to 1999

Mean annual earnings [dollars]. Total number with earnings in thousands.
	Total		Not a High School Graduate		High School Graduate		Some College/Associate Degree		Bachelor's Degree		Advanced Degree
	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings
Total
Both Sexes
1975	8,552	97,881	6,198	24,916	7,843	39,827	8,388	16,917	12,332	9,764	16,725	6,457
1976	9,180	100,510	6,720	25,035	8,393	40,570	8,813	17,786	13,033	10,132	17,911	6,985
1977	9,887	103,119	7,066	24,854	9,013	41,696	9,607	18,905	14,207	10,357	19,077	7,309
1978	10,812	106,436	7,759	23,787	9,834	43,510	10,357	20,121	15,291	11,001	20,173	8,017
1979	11,795	110,826	8,420	23,783	10,624	45,497	11,377	21,174	16,514	11,751	21,874	8,621
1980	12,665	111,919	8,845	23,028	11,314	46,795	12,409	21,384	18,075	12,175	23,308	8,535
1981	13,624	113,301	9,357	22,296	12,109	47,332	13,176	21,759	19,006	12,579	25,281	9,336
1982	14,351	113,451	9,387	20,789	12,560	46,584	13,503	22,602	20,272	13,425	26,915	10,051
1983	15,137	115,095	9,853	20,020	13,044	47,560	14,245	23,208	21,532	13,929	28,333	10,377

[Continued]

Mean Earnings of Workers 18 Years Old and Over, by Educational Attainment and Sex: 1975 to 1999 [Continued]

	Total		Not a High School Graduate		High School Graduate		Some College/Associate Degree		Bachelor's Degree		Advanced Degree
	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings	Mean	Number with Earnings
1984	16,083	118,183	10,384	20,206	13,893	48,452	14,936	24,463	23,072	14,653	30,192	10,410
1985	17,181	120,651	10,726	19,692	14,457	49,674	16,349	25,402	24,877	15,373	32,909	10,510
1986	18,149	122,757	11,203	19,665	15,120	50,104	17,073	26,113	26,511	15,788	34,787	11,087
1987	19,016	124,874	11,824	19,748	15,939	50,815	18,054	26,404	26,919	16,497	35,968	11,411
1988	20,060	127,564	11,889	19,635	16,750	51,297	19,066	27,217	28,344	17,308	37,724	12,109
1989	21,414	129,094	12,242	19,137	17,594	51,846	20,255	28,078	30,736	17,767	41,019	12,265
1990	21,793	130,080	12,582	18,698	17,820	51,977	20,694	28,993	31,112	18,128	41,458	12,285
1991	22,332	130,371	12,613	17,553	18,261	46,508	20,551	35,732	31,323	20,475	46,039	10,103
1992	23,227	130,860	12,809	16,612	18,737	45,340	20,867	37,339	32,629	21,091	48,652	10,479
1993	24,674	133,119	12,820	16,575	19,422	44,779	21,539	39,429	35,121	21,815	55,789	10,521
1994	25,852	135,096	13,697	16,479	20,248	44,614	22,226	40,135	37,224	22,712	56,105	11,155
1995	26,792	136,221	14,013	16,990	21,431	44,546	23,862	40,142	36,980	23,285	56,667	11,258
1996	28,106	138,703	15,011	17,075	22,154	45,908	25,181	40,410	38,112	24,028	61,317	11,281
1997	29,514	140,367	16,124	16,962	22,895	45,976	26,235	40,802	40,478	25,035	63,229	11,591
1998	30,928	142,053	16,053	16,742	23,594	45,987	27,566	41,412	43,782	25,818	63,473	12,095
1999	32,356	144,640	16,121	16,737	24,572	46,082	28,403	42,860	45,678	26,215	67,697	12,749
Male
1975	11,091	57,297	7,843	15,613	10,475	21,347	10,805	9,851	15,758	5,960	19,672	4,526
1976	11,923	58,419	8,522	15,634	11,189	21,499	11,376	10,282	16,714	6,135	21,202	4,868
1977	12,888	59,441	8,939	15,369	12,092	21,846	12,393	10,848	18,187	6,341	22,786	5,038
1978	14,154	60,586	9,894	14,550	13,188	22,650	13,382	11,352	19,861	6,611	24,274	5,422
1979	15,430	62,464	10,628	14,711	14,317	23,318	14,716	11,781	21,482	6,889	26,411	5,765
1980	16,382	62,825	11,042	14,273	15,002	24,023	15,871	11,663	23,340	7,132	27,846	5,733
1981	17,542	63,547	11,668	13,701	15,900	24,435	16,870	11,784	24,353	7,393	30,072	6,235
1982	18,244	63,489	11,513	12,868	16,160	24,059	17,108	12,103	25,758	7,865	32,109	6,594
1983	19,175	63,816	12,052	12,376	16,728	24,449	18,052	12,261	27,239	8,010	33,635	6,719
1984	20,452	65,005	12,775	12,325	18,016	24,827	18,863	12,818	29,203	8,387	35,804	6,648
1985	21,823	66,439	13,124	12,137	18,575	25,496	20,698	13,385	31,433	8,794	39,768	6,627
1986	23,057	67,189	13,703	12,208	19,453	25,562	21,784	13,502	33,376	8,908	41,836	7,009
1987	24,015	67,951	14,544	12,117	20,364	25,981	22,781	13,433	33,677	9,286	43,140	7,134
1988	25,344	69,006	14,551	11,993	21,481	26,080	23,827	14,019	35,906	9,466	45,677	7,449
1989	27,025	69,798	14,727	11,774	22,508	26,469	25,555	14,384	38,692	9,737	50,144	7,434
1990	27,164	70,218	14,991	11,412	22,378	26,753	26,120	14,844	38,901	9,807	49,768	7,402
1991	27,494	70,145	15,056	10,679	22,663	24,110	25,345	18,076	38,484	11,126	54,449	6,154
1992	28,448	70,409	14,934	10,335	22,978	23,610	25,660	18,768	40,039	11,353	58,324	6,344
1993	30,568	71,183	14,946	10,151	23,973	23,388	26,614	19,532	43,499	11,810	68,221	6,302
1994	32,087	72,246	16,633	9,981	25,038	23,418	27,636	19,859	46,278	12,324	67,032	6,663
1995	33,251	72,634	16,748	10,312	26,333	23,473	29,851	19,918	46,111	12,251	69,588	6,679
1996	34,705	73,955	17,826	10,583	27,642	23,966	31,426	20,208	46,702	12,562	74,406	6,636
1997	36,556	74,596	19,575	10,348	28,307	24,152	32,641	20,359	50,056	13,008	78,032	6,728
1998	38,134	75,213	19,155	10,085	28,742	24,155	34,179	20,545	55,057	13,486	77,217	6,942
1999	40,257	76,233	18,855	9,917	30,414	24,235	35,326	21,173	57,706	13,683	84,051	7,225
Female
1975	4,968	40,584	3,438	9,303	4,802	18,480	5,019	7,066	6,963	3,804	9,818	1,931
1976	5,373	42,091	3,723	9,401	5,240	19,071	5,301	7,504	7,383	3,997	10,345	2,117
1977	5,804	43,678	4,032	9,485	5,624	19,850	5,856	8,057	7,923	4,016	10,848	2,271
1978	6,396	45,850	4,397	9,237	6,192	20,860	6,441	8,769	8,408	4,390	11,603	2,595
1979	7,099	48,362	4,840	9,072	6,741	22,179	7,190	9,393	9,474	4,862	12,717	2,856
1980	7,909	49,094	5,263	8,755	7,423	22,772	8,256	9,721	10,628	5,043	14,022	2,802
1981	8,619	49,754	5,673	8,595	8,063	22,897	8,811	9,975	11,384	5,186	15,647	3,101
1982	9,403	49,962	5,932	7,921	8,715	22,525	9,348	10,499	12,511	5,560	17,009	3,457
1983	10,111	51,279	6,292	7,644	9,147	23,111	9,981	10,947	13,808	5,919	18,593	3,658
1984	10,742	53,178	6,644	7,881	9,561	23,625	10,614	11,645	14,865	6,266	20,275	3,762
1985	11,493	54,212	6,874	7,555	10,115	24,178	11,504	12,017	16,114	6,579	21,202	3,883
1986	12,214	55,568	7,109	7,457	10,606	24,542	12,029	12,611	17,623	6,880	22,672	4,078
1987	13,049	56,923	7,504	7,631	11,309	24,834	13,158	12,971	18,217	7,211	24,004	4,277
1988	13,833	58,558	7,711	7,642	11,857	25,217	14,009	13,198	19,216	7,842	25,010	4,660
1989	14,809	59,296	8,268	7,363	12,468	25,377	14,688	13,694	21,089	8,030	26,977	4,831
1990	15,493	59,862	8,808	7,286	12,986	25,224	15,002	14,149	21,933	8,321	28,862	4,883
1991	16,320	60,226	8,818	6,875	13,523	22,398	15,643	17,657	22,802	9,348	32,929	3,948
1992	17,145	60,451	9,311	6,277	14,128	21,730	16,023	18,571	23,991	9,738	33,814	4,135
1993	17,900	61,937	9,462	6,425	14,446	21,391	16,555	19,897	25,232	10,005	37,212	4,218
1994	18,684	62,850	9,189	6,498	14,955	21,195	16,928	20,276	26,483	10,388	39,905	4,493
1995	19,414	63,587	9,790	6,678	15,970	21,073	17,962	20,224	26,841	11,034	37,813	4,578
1996	20,570	64,748	10,421	6,492	16,161	21,942	18,933	20,202	28,701	11,466	42,625	4,646
1997	21,528	65,771	10,725	6,614	16,906	21,824	19,856	20,442	30,119	12,027	42,744	4,863
1998	22,818	66,840	11,353	6,657	17,898	21,832	21,056	20,867	31,452	12,332	44,954	5,153
1999	23,551	68,409	12,145	6,819	18,092	21,847	21,644	22,687	32,546	12,533	46,307	5,523
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Internet Release date: December 19, 2000; retrieved April 11, 2002, from http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/education/tableA-3.txt.