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School Performance: Data Presentation

Estimated Number of Charter Schools in Operation as of September 1999, by State

-indicates zero. The study reports the number of charters given to individual entities, though some charters may use space within another school or be connected to another school by another arrangement. The number of charters shown does not include the total number of school sites operating under a charter. Some charters, particularly in Arizona, run similar programs in several sites. In those cases, the study only counts the charter once. Several charters in California were awarded to districts or complexes of schools. Since previously each school within the group was a separate school, the study counts each school as a separate charter school. Taking into account multiple school sites operating under a single charter (121), the study estimates that the total number of school sites operating under charters was 1,605 (1,484 + 121) as of September 1999. The column "Total schools closed as of Sept. 1999" reflects the cumulative number of charter schools closed since 1992. The number of schools that opened in the 1998-99 school year is slightly different for some states from the number of schools reported as of September 1998. The 1998-99 column includes several schools that opened later in the 1998-99 school year.
Number of Charter Schools Starting in the Year Total Schools Closed as of Sept. 1999 New Schools as of Sept. 1999 Total Schools Operating Sept. 1999
1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99
Total 2 34 64 154 178 289 401 59 421 1,484
Minnesota 2 5 7 3 3 8 12 3 17 54
California - 28 36 30 21 19 29 9 56 210
Colorado - 1 13 10 8 19 10 1 8 68
Michigan - - 2 41 33 36 24 5 15 146
New Mexico - - 4 0 1 0 0 3 1 3
Wisconsin - - 2 3 6 7 12 1 11 40
Arizona - - - 47 58 45 44 16 44 222
Georgia - - - 3 9 9 7 1 4 31
Hawaii - - - 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Massachusetts - - - 15 7 3 10 1 5 39
Alaska - - - - 2 13 2 1 2 18
Delaware - - - - 2 1 1 0 1 5
District of Col. - - - - 2 1 17 2 10 28
Florida - - - - 5 28 42 4 38 109
Illinois - - - - 1 7 6 1 7 20
Louisiana - - - - 3 3 5 0 7 18
Texas - - - - 17 21 71 5 64 168
Connecticut - - - - - 12 4 1 2 17
Kansas - - - - - 1 14 0 0 15
New Jersey - - - - - 13 17 0 19 49
North Carolina - - - - - 34 26 5 23 78
Pennsylvania - - - - - 6 25 0 17 48
Rhode Island - - - - - 1 1 0 0 2
South Carolina - - - - - 2 3 0 5 10
Idaho - - - - - - 2 0 6 8
Mississippi - - - - - - 1 0 0 1
Nevada - - - - - - 1 0 0 1
Ohio - - - - - - 15 0 31 46
New York - - - - - - - - 5 5
Missouri - - - - - - - - 15 15
Utah - - - - - - - - 6 6
Oklahoma - - - - - - - - 2 2
Source: The State of Charter Schools 2000, Fourth-Year Report, January 2000, retrieved April 18, 2002, http://www.ed.gov/. Primary source: The study contacted officials at each state department of education and supplemented their information from a variety of sources, including the Common Core of Data Survey (1997-98), charter school directories, and state charter school resource centers.

Average Mathematics Proficiency, by Age and Selected Characteristics of Students and by Control of School: 1978 to 1999

All age groups exclude persons not enrolled in school. These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Performers at the 150 level know some basic addition and subtraction facts, and most can add two-digit numbers without regrouping. They recognize simple situations in which addition and subtraction apply. Performers at the 200 level have considerable understanding of two-digit numbers and know some basic multiplication and division facts. Performers at the 250 level have an initial understanding of the four basic operations. They can also compare information from graphs and charts and are developing an ability to analyze simple logical relations. Performers at the 300 level can compute decimals, simple fractions and percents. They can identify geometric figures, measure lengths and angles and calculate areas of rectangles. They are developing the skills to operate with signed numbers, exponents and square roots. Performers at the 350 level can apply a range of reasoning skills to solve multi-step problems. They can solve routine problems involving fractions and percents, recognize properties of basic geometric figures, and work with exponents and square roots. Scale ranges from 0 to 500.
Selected Characteristics of Students 1978 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999
9-year-olds
Total
Male 217.4 217.1 221.7 229.1 230.8 232.2 232.9 232.9
Female 219.9 220.8 221.7 230.2 228.4 230.0 229.0 231.2
Race/ethnicity
White 224.1 224.0 226.9 235.2 235.1 236.8 236.9 238.8
Black 192.4 194.9 201.6 208.4 208.0 212.1 211.6 210.9
Hispanic 202.9 204.0 205.4 213.8 211.9 209.9 214.7 212.9
Control of school
Public 217.2 217.0 220.1 228.6 227.7 229.3 229.7 230.6
Private 230.5 231.8 230.0 238.1 241.5 244.5 239.1 242.0
13-year-olds
Total 264.1 268.6 269.0 270.4 273.1 274.3 274.3 275.8
Male 263.6 269.2 270.0 271.2 274.1 276.0 276.3 277.2
Female 264.7 268.0 267.9 269.6 272.0 272.7 272.4 274.5
Race/ethnicity
White 271.6 274.4 273.6 276.3 278.9 280.8 281.2 283.1
Black 229.6 240.4 249.2 249.1 250.2 251.5 252.1 251.0
Hispanic 238.0 252.4 254.3 254.6 259.3 256.0 255.7 259.2
Control of school
Public 262.6 267.1 268.7 269.3 271.7 273.0 272.9 274.2
Private 279.2 281.1 275.7 279.9 283.3 284.6 285.5 288.5
17-year-olds
Total 300.4 298.5 302.0 304.6 306.7 306.2 307.2 308.2
Male 303.8 301.5 304.7 306.3 308.9 308.5 309.5 309.8
Female 297.1 295.6 299.4 302.9 304.5 304.1 304.9 306.8
Race/ethnicity
White 305.9 303.7 307.5 309.5 311.9 312.3 313.4 314.8
Black 268.4 271.8 278.6 288.5 285.8 285.5 286.4 283.3
Hispanic 276.3 276.7 283.1 283.5 292.2 290.8 292.0 292.7
Control of school
Public 299.6 297.3 301.2 303.5 305.3 304.4 306.4 306.7
Private 314.3 311.4 320.1 317.7 320.4 319.4 315.5 320.6
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service, in Digest of Education Statistics 2000, retrieved April 19, 2002, from http://nces.ed.gov/.

Percentage Distribution of Students in Grades 3-12 Who Attended a Chosen or Assigned School, by Child's Race/Ethnicity, Parents' Highest Education Level, and Household Income: 1993, 1996, and 1999

Upgraded students and homeschoolers were excluded from the estimate. Percentages may not add to 100.0 due to rounding.
Child Race/Ethnicity, Parent Highest Education, Household Income 1993 1996 1999
Public Private Public Private Public Private
Assigned Chosen Assigned Chosen Assigned Chosen
Total 80.3 10.9 8.8 76.9 13.3 9.9 76.5 14.2 9.3
Race/ethnicity
White 81.4 8.5 10.2 78.0 10.7 11.3 77.7 11.1 11.2
Black 77.4 18.9 3.7 74.2 20.8 5.1 72.0 22.5 5.6
Hispanic 79.7 13.6 6.7 76.4 16.1 7.5 77.3 18.2 4.5
Other 73.4 14.5 12.1 70.4 18.6 11.1 74.1 16.3 9.6
Parents' highest education level
Less than high school 84.4 13.3 2.3 79.1 17.4 3.5 79.3 18.1 2.6
High school diploma or equivalent 83.6 11.2 5.2 83.0 11.6 5.4 81.0 13.8 5.2
Some college including technical/vocational 80.1 11.1 8.8 77.0 14.6 8.4 77.9 15.1 7.0
Bachelor's degree 76.9 8.7 14.3 71.4 13.4 15.3 72.4 12.8 14.9
Graduate/advanced degree 73.1 9.9 16.9 68.3 11.3 20.4 69.2 12.5 18.3
Household income
$10,000 or less 82.9 14.0 3.0 76.6 19.5 3.9 73.7 22.2 4.1
$10,001-20,000 82.3 13.9 3.8 80.0 15.3 4.7 77.4 17.9 4.8
$20,001-35,000 81.8 10.6 7.7 78.7 14.0 7.4 79.4 15.1 5.4
$35,000-50,000 80.4 9.7 9.9 78.0 11.9 10.1 77.4 13.2 9.4
More than $50,000 75.9 8.5 15.6 73.6 10.2 16.3 75.0 10.3 14.6
Source: The Condition of Education 2001, retrieved April 22, 2002, from http://nces.ed.gov; primary source: NCES, National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES), 1993 (School Safety and Discipline Survey), 1996 (Parent Interview Survey), and 1999 (Parent Interview Survey).

Number of Nonfatal Crimes Against Students Ages 12 Through 18 Occurring at School or on the Way to or From School Per 1,000 Students, by Type of Crime and Selected Student Characteristics: 1992 to 1998

NA Not reported. Serious violent crimes include rape, sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault. Violent crimes include serious violent crimes and simple assault. Total crimes include violent crimes and theft. "At school" includes inside the school building, on school property, or on the way to or from school. Population sizes are 23,740,295 students ages 12 through 18 in 1992; 26,151,364 in 1996; and 26,806,268 in 1998. Because of rounding or missing data, detail may not add to totals.
1992 1996 1998
Total Theft Violent Serious Violent1 Total Theft Violent Serious Violent1 Total Theft Violent Serious Violent1
Student characteristics
Total 144 95 48 10 121 78 43 9 101 58 43 9
Gender
Male 168 105 64 15 134 78 56 11 111 59 52 10
Female 117 85 32 5 107 77 30 6 91 58 33 8
Age
12-14 172 105 67 16 151 91 60 9 125 65 60 14
15-18 120 87 33 6 119 81 38 9 97 67 30 8
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 156 105 52 9 129 83 45 7 105 60 45 9
Black, non-Hispanic 114 67 46 18 105 73 32 12 111 64 48 12
Hispanic 113 72 41 10 137 74 63 22 109 58 51 15
Other, non-Hispanic 129 110 19 NA 108 72 36 11 89 57 32 4
Urbanicity
Urban 141 92 50 15 126 76 50 14 117 68 49 13
Suburban 155 105 50 10 130 82 48 8 97 56 40 7

[Continued]

Number of Nonfatal Crimes Against Students Ages 12 Through 18 Occurring at School or on the Way to or From School Per 1,000 Students, by Type of Crime and Selected Student Characteristics: 1992 to 1998 [Continued]

1992 1996 1998
Total Theft Violent Serious Violent1 Total Theft Violent Serious Violent1 Total Theft Violent Serious Violent1
Rural 124 80 44 6 95 71 24 4 93 50 43 11
Household income
Less than $7,500 123 65 57 14 86 55 31 8 110 56 53 17
$7,500-14,999 111 65 46 13 92 54 38 9 97 38 59 12
$15,000-24,999 125 60 65 16 120 68 52 15 126 64 62 10
$25,000-34,999 137 94 43 5 130 78 52 10 102 50 52 15
$35,000-49,999 180 133 47 9 131 84 48 9 86 57 29 6
$50,000-74,999 150 119 31 4 138 95 43 7 110 68 42 10
$75,000 or more 206 136 70 17 139 104 35 5 112 75 37 6
Source: U.S. Departments of Education and Justice, Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2000, retrieved April 24, 2002, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. Note: 1. Serious violent crimes are also included in violent crimes.

Percentage of Students Ages 12 Through 18 Who Reported Fearing Being Attacked or Harmed at School or on the Way to and From School During the Previous 6 Months, by Selected Student Characteristics: 1989, 1995, and 1999

Comparisons between the 1989 data and the 1995 and 1999 data should be made with caution due to changes in the questionnaire. "At school" means in the school building, on the school grounds, or on a school bus. Population sizes are 21,554,000 students ages 12 through 19 in 1989, 23,601,000 students ages 12 through 18 in 1995, and 24,614,000 students ages 12 through 18 in 1999.
Feared Attack/Harm at School1 Feared Attack/Harm Going to School1
19892 1995 1999 19892 1995 1999
Student Characteristics
Total 5.5 8.6 5.3 4.4 6.5 3.9
Gender
Male 5.7 8.3 4.9 3.8 5.3 3.4
Female 5.4 8.9 5.7 5.1 7.9 4.5
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 4.4 6.3 3.9 2.8 3.8 2.1
Black, non-Hispanic 6.8 13.4 9.0 7.9 13.1 8.2
Hispanic 11.4 15.5 8.1 10.1 13.4 7.6
Other, non-Hispanic 8.0 9.4 4.2 6.0 8.2 3.8
Grade
6th 8.8 11.8 9.3 7.3 7.2 4.7
7th 9.4 11 7.5 6.4 8.9 4.7
8th 5.4 9.2 6 3.9 6.9 3.8
9th 5.0 9.1 5.2 4.5 6.2 3.6
10th 5.0 7.5 4.5 3.6 6.3 4.4
11th 3.4 5.8 3.3 3.8 5.5 3.0
12th 2.5 5.9 2.5 2.7 4.2 3.2
Urbanicity
Urban 7.5 12.3 7.3 8.2 11.7.0 7.5
Suburban 4.8 7.4.0 4.9 3.5 5.1 2.9

[Continued]

Percentage of Students Ages 12 Through 18 Who Reported Fearing Being Attacked or Harmed at School or on the Way to and From School During the Previous 6 Months, by Selected Student Characteristics: 1989, 1995, and 1999 [Continued]

Feared Attack/Harm at School1 Feared Attack/Harm Going to School1
19892 1995 1999 19892 1995 1999
Rural 4.8 7.0 3.8 2.2 4.0 1.8
Control
Public 5.9 9.1 5.7 4.5 6.7 4.0
Private 1.7 3.3 1.7 4.3 5.0 2.8
Source: U.S. Departments of Education and Justice, Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2000, retrieved April 24, 2002, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. Notes: 1. Includes students who reported that they sometimes or most of the time feared being victimized in this way. 2. Students ages 12 through 19.
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