Ethnicity & Immigration: Data Presentation

Population by Race/Ethnicity in 2000

People of Hispanic/Latino origin are included in the top portion of the table. Terms like "some other race" and "two or more races" were provided by the Bureau of the Census on the Census forms. People who used these categories in self-reporting are shown in this table.
	Number	Percent
Total	281,421,906	100.0
White	211,460,626	75.1
Black or African American	34,658,190	12.3
American Indian and Alaska Native	2,475,956	0.9
Asian	10,242,998	3.6
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	398,835	0.1
Some other race	15,359,073	5.5
Two or more races	6,826,228	2.4
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	35,305,818	12.5
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Summary File for states, Tables PL1, PL2, PL3, and PL4.

Top 10 American Indian Tribes, 1980 and 1990

Total tribal population was 1,478,523 in 1980, 1,937,391 in 1990, and 2,475,956 in the 2000 Census.
	Population		% of All Indians		Population Share Change 1980 to 1990
	1980	1990	1980	1990
Cherokee	232,080	369,035	15.7	19.0	3.3
Navajo	158,633	225,298	10.7	11.6	0.9
Sioux	78,608	107,321	5.3	5.5	0.2
Chippewa	73,602	105,988	5.0	5.5	0.5
Choctaw	50,220	86,231	3.4	4.5	1.1
Pueblo	42,552	55,330	2.9	2.9	0.0
Apache	35,861	53,330	2.4	2.8	0.4
Iroquois	38,218	52,557	2.6	2.7	0.1
Lumbee	28,631	50,888	1.9	2.6	0.7
Creek	28,278	45,872	1.9	2.4	0.5
Source: Racial Statistics Branch, Population Division, Bureau of the Census, based on 1980 and 1990 Census data.

Top Eleven Asian Groups in the U.S.

Total Asian population in 2000 was 10,242,998 or 3.6% of the total United States population in 2000 of 281,421,906. Of the 10.2 million members of the Asian population, 7.2 million were foreign born.
	2000 Population	% of Asian Population
Chinese/Taiwanese	2,432,585	23.7
Filipino	1,850,314	18.1
Asian Indian	1,678,765	16.4
Vietnamese	1,122,528	11.0
Korean	1,076,872	10.5
Japanese	796,700	7.8
Cambodian	171,937	1.7
Hmong	169,428	1.7
Laotian	168,707	1.6
Pakistani	153,533	1.5
Thai	112,989	1.1
Source: The Asian Population: 2000, Census 2000 Brief, United States Census 2000, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. Note: The source separately lists populations of those originating in Mainland China and on Taiwan.

Selected Foreign Languages Spoken in the U.S. -1990

Table shows number of speakers of the language.
	Number of Speakers	% of Non-English Speakers
Total nonenglish	31,844,979	100.0
Spanish	17,339,172	54.4
French	1,702,176	5.3
German	1,547,099	4.9
Italian	1,308,648	4.1
Chinese	1,249,213	3.9
Tagalog	843,251	2.6
Polish	723,483	2.3
Korean	626,478	2.0
Vietnamese	507,069	1.6
Portuguese	429,860	1.3
Japanese	427,657	1.3
Greek	388,260	1.2
Arabic	355,150	1.1
Hindi (Urdu)	331,484	1.0
Russian	241,798	0.8
Yiddish	213,064	0.7
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population, CPHL-133.

Measures of Segregation, African Americans, 1990

For an explanation of the categories, please see Chapter 4, Measuring Segregation.
Metropolitan Areas	Total Population	African Americans
		Population	Dissimilarity	Isolation	Centralization	Clustering	Concentrattion
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA	8,856,074	991,581	0.730	0.696	0.494	2.9	0.722
New York, NY	8,546,583	2,249,997	0.815	0.820	0.220	1.3	0.865
Chicago, IL	7,410,858	1,427,357	0.842	0.814	0.067	4.5	0.797
Philadelphia, PA-NJ	4,919,786	939,124	0.769	0.720	0.566	5.0	0.712
Detroit, MI	4,266,490	942,794	0.874	0.823	0.623	4.0	0.918
Atlanta, GA	2,959,950	747,219	0.685	0.667	0.432	0.8	0.678
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV	4,223,484	1,072,422	0.655	0.657	0.135	2.3	0.632
Houston, TX	3,321,973	613,786	0.671	0.644	0.380	0.7	0.629
Boston, MA-NH	3,227,097	213,607	0.695	0.546	0.622	8.5	0.778
Atlanta, GA	2,959,950	747,219	0.685	0.667	0.432	0.8	0.678
Dallas, TX	2,676,248	422,323	0.633	0.575	0.181	1.2	0.723
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household and Economic Statistics Division, accessible at census.gov/hhes.www.housing/resseg/def.htm. Presentation is from the work of Roderick J. Harrison and Daniel H. Weinberg, Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation: 1990.

Cities with the Lowest and Highest African American Population: Measures of Concentration and Isolation

Concentration values nearest to zero mean that minotiries occupy as much space as the same number of whites. Negative values mean that minotrities occupy more space than whites. An isolation figure of 0.7 for a minority means that 7 minorities live with 3 whites. API stands for Asian or Pacific Islander. Hispanics may be of any race.
Metropolitan Areas	Black Concentration	Isolation Measures
		Black	Hispanic	API
Cities with the Lowest Black Population Bismarck, ND	0.908	0.002	0.007	0.006
Wausau, WI	0.448	0.002	0.009	0.115
Laredo, TX	-0.333	0.044	0.946	0.082
Missoula, MT	0.854	0.005	0.014	0.019
Eau Claire, WI	0.603	0.007	0.007	0.075
Medford-Ashland, OR	0.536	0.005	0.057	0.016
Dubuque, IA	0.750	0.010	0.009	0.014
Provo-Orem, UT	0.411	0.003	0.045	0.026
Grand Junction, CO	0.232	0.010	0.129	0.012
Cities with the Highest Black Population Houston, TX	0.629	0.644	0.496	0.160
Baltimore, MD	0.792	0.709	0.046	0.054
Atlanta, GA	0.678	0.667	0.093	0.074
Philadelphia, PA-NJ	0.712	0.720	0.427	0.110
Detroit, MI	0.918	0.823	0.128	0.056
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA	0.722	0.696	0.716	0.406
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV	0.632	0.657	0.227	0.128

[Continued]

Cities with the Lowest and Highest African American Population: Measures of Concentration and Isolation [Continued]

Metropolitan Areas	Black Concentration	Isolation Measures
		Black	Hispanic	API
Chicago, IL	0.797	0.814	0.492	0.152
New York, NY	0.865	0.820	0.666	0.328
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household and Economic Statistics Division, accessible at census.gov/hhes.www.housing/resseg/def.htm. Presentation is from the work of Roderick J. Harrison and Daniel H. Weinberg, Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation: 1990.

Cities with the Lowest and Highest Hispanic Population: Measures of Concentration and Isolation

Concentration values nearest to zero mean that minotiries occupy as much space as the same number of whites. Negative values mean that minotrities occupy more space than whites. An isolation figure of 0.7 for a minority means that 7 minorities live with 3 whites. API stands for Asian or Pacific Islander. Hispanics may be of any race.
Metropolitan Areas	Hispanic Concentration	Isolation Measures
		Hispanic	Black	API
Cities with the Lowest Hispanic Population
Owensboro, KY	0.203	0.006	0.146	0.015
Gadsden, AL	0.217	0.009	0.526	0.036
Jonesboro, AR	-0.288	0.017	0.147	0.017
Cumberland, MD-WV	0.302	0.014	0.075	0.012
Pine Bluff, AR	-0.124	0.023	0.697	0.015
Jackson, TN	0.443	0.019	0.580	0.009
Altoona, PA	0.030	0.005	0.039	0.007
Bismarck, ND	0.829	0.007	0.002	0.006
Dubuque, IA	0.374	0.009	0.010	0.014
Cities with the Highest Hispanic Population
San Diego, CA	0.320	0.438	0.359	0.292
Orange County, CA	0.493	0.506	0.087	0.228
San Antonio, TX	0.662	0.690	0.417	0.044
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA	0.436	0.433	0.244	0.108
Houston, TX	0.662	0.496	0.644	0.160
Chicago, IL	0.718	0.492	0.814	0.152
Miami, FL	0.417	0.737	0.754	0.063
New York, NY	0.857	0.666	0.820	0.328
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA	0.710	0.716	0.696	0.406
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household and Economic Statistics Division, accessible at census.gov/hhes.www.housing/resseg/def.htm. Presentation is from the work of Roderick J. Harrison and Daniel H. Weinberg, Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation: 1990.

Cities with the Lowest and Highest Asian/Pacific Islander Population: Measures of Concentration and Isolation

Concentration values nearest to zero mean that minotiries occupy as much space as the same number of whites. Negative values mean that minotrities occupy more space than whites. An isolation figure of 0.7 for a minority means that 7 minorities live with 3 whites. API stands for Asian or Pacific Islander. Hispanics may be of any race.
Metropolitan Areas	API Concentration	Isolation Measures
		API	Black	Hispanic
Cities with the Lowest API Population
Owensboro, KY	0.476	0.015	0.146	0.006
Victoria, TX	0.528	0.009	0.286	0.513
Jackson, TN	0.750	0.009	0.580	0.019
Casper, WY	0.562	0.006	0.025	0.054
Bismarck, ND	0.282	0.006	0.002	0.007
St. Joseph, MO	0.387	0.009	0.091	0.025
Florence, AL	0.621	0.005	0.338	0.006
Rocky Mount, NC	0.614	0.010	0.598	0.024
Florence, SC	0.571	0.010	0.604	0.060
Cities with the Highest API Population
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV	0.718	0.128	0.657	0.227
Orange County, CA	0.231	0.228	0.087	0.506
Chicago, IL	0.542	0.152	0.814	0.492
San Jose, CA	0.571	0.369	0.146	0.473
Oakland, CA	0.217	0.322	0.608	0.335
San Francisco, CA	0.794	0.460	0.479	0.413
Honolulu, HI	0.168	0.754	0.182	0.284
New York, NY	0.715	0.328	0.820	0.666
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA	0.649	0.406	0.696	0.716
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household and Economic Statistics Division, accessible at census.gov/hhes.www.housing/resseg/def.htm. Presentation is from the work of Roderick J. Harrison and Daniel H. Weinberg, Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation: 1990.

Cities with the Lowest and Highest American Indian Population: Measures of Concentration and Isolation

Concentration values nearest to zero mean that minotiries occupy as much space as the same number of whites. Negative values mean that minotrities occupy more space than whites. An isolation figure of 0.7 for a minority means that 7 minorities live with 3 whites. API stands for Asian or Pacific Islander. Hispanics may be of any race.
Metropolitan Areas	Indian Concentration	Isolation measures
		Indian	Black	Hispanic
Cities with the Lowest American Indian Population
Cumberland, MD-WV	-0.123	0.002	0.075	0.014
Dubuque, IA	0.466	0.003	0.010	0.009
Jackson, TN	0.045	0.004	0.580	0.019
Owensboro, KY	0.358	0.002	0.146	0.006
Sharon, PA	0.121	0.003	0.337	0.009
Danville, VA	0.291	0.003	0.453	0.016
Altoona, PA	0.014	0.002	0.039	0.005

[Continued]

Cities with the Lowest and Highest American Indian Population: Measures of Concentration and Isolation [Continued]

Metropolitan Areas	Indian Concentration	Isolation measures
		Indian	Black	Hispanic
Hattiesburg, MS	0.066	0.005	0.586	0.019
Auburn-Opelika, AL	-0.189	0.003	0.425	0.011
Cities with the Highest American Indian Population
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI	0.615	0.099	0.296	0.057
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA	-0.462	0.041	0.244	0.433
Flagstaff, AZ-UT	-2.422	0.750	0.093	0.218
New York, NY	0.691	0.135	0.820	0.666
Albuquerque, NM	-17.356	0.504	0.117	0.533
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA	0.109	0.050	0.696	0.716
Oklahoma City, OK	-0.224	0.082	0.468	0.102
Tulsa, OK	-0.750	0.110	0.514	0.038
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ	-3.971	0.355	0.242	0.407
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household and Economic Statistics Division, accessible at census.gov/hhes.www.housing/resseg/def.htm. Presentation is from the work of Roderick J. Harrison and Daniel H. Weinberg, Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation: 1990.

U.S. Foreign-born Population, 1850 to 2000

Year	Population
	Millions	%
1850	2.2	9.7
1860	4.1	13.2
1870	5.6	14.4
1880	6.7	13.3
1890	9.2	14.8
1900	10.3	13.6
1910	13.5	17.7
1920	13.9	13.2
1930	14.2	11.6
1940	11.6	8.8
1950	10.3	6.9
1960	9.7	5.4
1970	9.6	4.7
1980	14.1	6.2
1990	19.8	7.9
2000	28.4	10.4
Source: Schmidley, A. Dianne, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Series P23-206, "Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2000," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Foreign-Born Population by Citizenship Status

Year	Foreign-born Population (millions)	Noncitizen (millions)	Naturalized Citizen (millions)	Noncitizen as % of Foreign-born
1970	9.7	3.5	6.2	36.1
1980	14.1	7.0	7.1	49.6
1990	19.8	11.8	11.8	59.6
2000	28.4	17.8	17.8	62.7
Source: Schmidley, A. Dianne, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Series P23-206, "Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2000," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Citizenship of Foreign-Born by Region in 2000

Region of Origin	% Naturalized Citizens	% of Foreign-born
Europe	52.0	15.5
Asia	47.1	25.4
Northern America	43.1	2.5
Africa	37.0	2.5
Latin America	28.3	51.1
Source: Schmidley, A. Dianne, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Series P23-206, "Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2000," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Foreign-Born Population and Illegal Immigrants -2000

The 33.1 million figure for the foreign-born population is some 4.7 million higher than shown in the last three tables which were based on the March 2000 Current Population Survey data, not 2000 Census results.
Category	Foreign-born Population
Legal immigrants	21,612,023
Temporary migrants	1,200,000
Others of known status	1,789,474
Illegal immigrants	8,490,491
Total	33,091,988
Source: Robinson, J. Gregory, ESCAP II -Demographic Analysis Results, Executive Steering Committee for A.C.E. Policy II, Report No. 1, October 13, 2001, U.S. Bureau of the Census and 1999 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, obtainable at http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/graphics/aboutins/statistics/Illegals.htm.